Internal training load and its longitudinal relationship with seasonal player wellness in elite professional soccer

Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Mendes, Bruno; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theodoros; Calvete, Francisco; Carriço, Sandro; Owen, Adam

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.06.021

Cited by 111 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Comparing player positions, there were no differences for HI scores; this was not supported by Clemente et al [10] although their study was based on data from one vs two-matches week (p< 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyse HI scores during an entire in-season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Haddad et al [16] suggested that s-RPE is not sensitive to the subjective perception of fatigue, DOMS or stress levels [16]. In contrast, however, Clemente et al [10] stated that s-RPE could be a reliable tool to quantify the internal TL and therefore could be a good indicator for coaches and for practical applications in team sports training. Data presented in the current experiment seems to corroborate this statement, indicating that s-RPE can be an effective tool to measure training intensity in elite European soccer teams.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example, Malone et al [4] found that a lowering TL in the last training day immediately before any given match differed from the other training days on several internal and external TL load variables such as session rated perceived exertion (s-RPE), plus total distance and average speed, respectively. In addition, some studies have shown limited variation through the in-season and have suggested that training in elite soccer has a regular load pattern [4, 5, 10, 11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, several authors [1, 10, 12, 13] have claimed that it is also very important to monitor elite athletes’ health to provide further information concerning the details of player fatigue, stress, muscle soreness, need for recovery and sleep perception. These variables are commonly associated with biochemical (physical and physiological) and biomechanical stress responses, recognized as internal TL [13, 14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, very few authors have studied the relationship between the use of the HI and s-RPE [10, 16]. Here, Clemente et al [10] found a correlation between s-RPE and HI levels, and negative correlations between s-RPE and DOMS (p= −0.156), s-RPE and sleep (p= −0.109), s-RPE and fatigue (p= −0.225), ITL and stress (p= −0.188) and ITL and HI (p= −0.238) in 2-game weeks. On the other hand, Haddad et al [16] failed to observe any association between HI and RPE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-season internal and external training load quantification of an elite European soccer team

Oliveira

Brito

Martins

et al. 2018

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Elite soccer teams that participate in European competitions often have a difficult schedule, involving weeks in which they play up to three matches, which leads to acute and transient subjective, biochemical, metabolic and physical disturbances in players over the subsequent hours and days. Inadequate time recovery between matches can expose players to the risk of training and competing whilst not fully recovered. Controlling the level of effort and fatigue of players to reach higher performances during the matches is therefore critical. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide the first report of seasonal internal and external training load (TL) that included Hooper Index (HI) scores in elite soccer players during an inseason period. Sixteen elite soccer players were sampled, using global position system, session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and HI scores during the daily training sessions throughout the 2015-2016 in-season period. Data were analysed across ten mesocycles (M: 1 to 10) and collected according to the number of days prior to a match. Total daily distance covered was higher at the start (M1 and M3) compared to the final mesocycle (M10) of the season. M1 (5589m) reached a greater distance than M5 (4473m) (ES = 9.33 [12.70, 5.95]) and M10 (4545m) (ES = 9.84 [13.39, 6.29]). M3 (5691m) reached a greater distance than M5 (ES = 9.07 [12.36, 5.78]), M7 (ES = 6.13 [8.48, 3.79]) and M10 (ES = 9.37 [12.76, 5.98]).High-speed running distance was greater in M1 (227m), than M5 (92m) (ES = 27.95 [37.68, 18.22]) and M10 (138m) (ES = 8.46 [11.55, 5.37]). Interestingly, the s-RPE response was higher in M1 (331au) in comparison to the last mesocycle (M10, 239au). HI showed minor variations across mesocycles and in days prior to the match. Every day prior to a match, all internal and external TL variables expressed significant lower values to other days prior to a match (p<0.01). In general, there were no differences between player positions.Conclusions: Our results reveal that despite the existence of some significant differences between mesocycles, there were minor changes across the in-season period for the internal and external TL variables used. Furthermore, it was observed that MD-1 presented a reduction of external TL (regardless of mesocycle) while internal TL variables did not have the same record during in-season match-day-minus. Introduction 2Elite soccer teams that participate in European competitions have weekly schedules featuring up to 3 three-matches that can lead to increased levels of fatigue, and higher risk of illness and injury [1]. 4 The knowledge of internal and external training load (TL) helps coaches to design an effective 5 individual and group training periodization in elite team sports [2-7] Djaoui et al., 2017; Jaspers et 6 al. , 2016; Malone et al., 2015; 2017; Nédélec et al., 2012; Stevens et al., 2017). However, it is only 7 recently that some studies have described the in-season training periodization practices of elite 8 football teams in more detail, i...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%