International Leadership as a Process: The case of China in Southeast Asia

Abstract

Leadership theory in IR still lacks a coherent approach, and it is analytically useful to use eclectic lenses by combining all factors related to power and the usage of power to gain leadership status. I define the term "international leadership" as a process in which a state mobilizes its resources to influence a group of other states (followership) in order to achieve a common goal. In the empirical investigation, I will focus on China's abilities to lead in Southeast Asia. Despite the fact that there are many advantages for China, the mechanism of transforming power resources into regional leadership is still questionable. • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original author and source are credited.• Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto e distribuído sob os termos da Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons, que permite uso irrestrito, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados.

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“…China's rapid economic rise has secured it the title of an emerging regional and global power (Pu 2019). Academics, journalists, and politicians have debated the potential impacts that China's rise can have on global governance based on an analysis of its performance in various international arenas (Oliveira and Leite 2014;Oliveira and Lessa 2014;Vu 2017;Zeng and Breslin 2016).…”

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“…A huge number of military personnel, large territory, and economic capability determines a country's hard power (Gallarotti 2015). The first model also believed that the presence of global governance is zero (Vu 2017) therefore, a leader is equal to hegemon concept in the definition.…”

“…After understanding the basic concept of leadership and their role in creating regionalism, one will try to understand the process of becoming a leader in the region. The leadership process model that is suitable to answer the research question created by Vu (2017). It is mentioned that leadership in emerging countries shall cover four level.…”

“…It is the first FTA agreement between China and overseas entity, and the first ASEAN FTA agreement with other countries outside the membership of ASEAN (Nakamura, 2009). It then also drives the relationship between ASEAN member states and China bilateral relations (Vu 2017). ACFTA is a clear indication that China has generated a great influence on the region by offering access to Chinese large market for the ASEAN members.…”

“…Each party will try to make better programs than the others only to gain attraction. In the case of China, the EASespecially with the U.S officially joined the institutionsis considered as a failure of diplomacy (Vu, 2017).…”