Recently, we have witnessed the advent of personal manufacturing, where home users, small, medium, and Fortune 500 enterprises use devices such as 3D printers, CNC mills, and robotics to manufacture products locally. We have been developing a digital ecosystem of personal manufacturing for the last seven years. This ecosystem is currently used or being tried by 111 Fortune 2000 enterprises. In this paper, we focus on the creation of the cloud-based manufacturing operating system, 3DPrinterOS, to address an evolving critical problem of personal manufacturing. We introduce a novel software ecosystem architecture to sustain a massive communication load of command, control, and telemetry data to and from millions of manufacturing machines and users. Our solution allows users to create and deploy their own applications into 3DPrinterOS cloud operating system. Our long term experiments show that over the last five years, 95, 000 users have generated over three million CAD designs and machine codes, and produced more than 1, 030, 000 physical parts on 32, 000 manufacturing machines in 100 countries. Short term experiments showed that, on average, it is five times faster to perform a 3D print using 3DPrinterOS. CCS CONCEPTS • Applied computing → Enterprise computing infrastructures; • Computer systems organization → Cloud computing; • General and reference → Experimentation; • Information systems → Enterprise applications.