Interpreting aquatic toxicity QSARs: the significance of toxicant body residues at the pharmacologic endpoint

Internal Lethal Concentrations of Halobenzenes with Fish (Gambusia affinis)

“…It has been found that the range and value of ILC for nonspecific toxicants is relatively constant at 2.0-8.0 mmol kg −1 for fish (McCarty, 1986(McCarty, , 1987McCarty et al, 1991McCarty et al, , 1992. Van Hoogen and Opperhuizen (1988) estimated the ILC for chlorobenzenes as being 2.0-2.5 mmol kg −1 for fish and a similar result was obtained from dihalogenated benzenes by Sijm et al (1993).…”

“…Connell and Markwell (1992) estimated the ILC 50 based on lipid weight to be 107 mmol kg −1 for chlorinated hydrocarbons. McCarty et al (1991McCarty et al ( , 1992) also reported the ILC 50 calculated from acute toxicity and bioconcentration QSAR data with fathead minnow to be relatively constant at about 50 mmol kg −1 lipid tissue or about 4 mmol kg −1 fish for hydrophobic organic compounds (logK ow >1.5).…”

“…A variety of terms have been used for the ILC including critical internal concentration (van Hoogen and Opperhuizen, 1988), tissue residue concentration (Carlson and Kosian, 1987), internal toxicant concentration (McCarty, 1986), toxicant body residue (McCarty et al, 1991), critical body residue (McCarty et al, 1992), lethal body burden (de Bruijn et al, 1991;de Wolf et al, 1992;Sijm et al, 1993), and critical internal lethal concentration (Mortimer and Connell, 1994). ILC values are usually expressed as quantities of a toxicant based on wet weight of organisms (mmol kg −1 fish) or lipid content (mmol kg −1 lipid) and are reasonably constant for some hydrophobic organic chemicals which exhibit nonspecific toxicity (van Hoogen and Opperhuizen, 1988).…”

Effects of Halobenzenes on Growth Rate of Fish (Gambusia affinis)

“…For log ILC * -log K relationship, the results are in accord with those observed by McCarty et al (1991) for various organic chemicals in fish with a slope of 0.099 and a low coefficient of determination (r"0.12). In addition, Warne (1991) has reported similar results for a variety of organic compounds in aquatic organisms, with a slope of 0.103 and a low coefficient (r"0.12).…”

Importance of maternal transfer of the photoreactive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene from benthic adult bivalves to their pelagic larvae

“…Many assessments of contamination in both the laboratory and the field compare sediment or water contaminant levels to some sort of biological response (benthic diversity, mortality, etc.). These responses, especially decreased embryo viability due to maternal transfer, are more likely to be linked with organismal body burden [24] since many variables control bioavailability of contaminants in a given matrix (e.g., sediment). Measuring embryo PAH concentrations is not always feasible because of their small size and transitory nature, but the parents of these organisms are stationary and easily sampled for bioaccumulation measurements.…”