“…This is consistent with intersectional theories which recognise that peoples' experiences, including offending patterns, are shaped by a whole set of underlying systems of oppression and inequality associated with multiple factors, including their sex or their race/ethnicity (Bell, 2013;Lorenz & Hayes, 2020). Since the influence of factors such as sex and race/ethnicity cannot be disentangled, if we explore these facets independently, we risk masking important intragroup differences (Lorenz & Hayes, 2020). An emerging body of research has demonstrated the value of exploring intersectional distinctions in offending patterns (Broidy et al, 2015;Bell, 2013), experiences of child maltreatment (Jones et al, 2021), relationships between child maltreatment and youth offending (Baidawi et al, 2021;Goodkind et al, 2013;Kolivoski, 2022), and the relationship between childhood experiences and adult violent or antisocial behaviour (Augustyn & Jackson, 2020;Jones et al, 2021).…”