Intervening Sequences in 16S rRNA Genes of <i>Campylobacter</i> sp.: Diversity of Nucleotide Sequences and Uniformity of Location

Etoh, Yumiko; Yamamoto, Ayako; Goto, Nobuichi

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1998.tb02278.x

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…One strain of C. curvus (MDL 99A2133) was difficult to identify because of an intervening sequence. However, this phenomenon has previously been reported in Campylobacter species, including C. rectus, C. sputorum, and C. curvus (5). The exact reason why these intron-like DNA sequences are inserted within ribosomal genes is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Description of Campylobacter curvus and C. curvus -Like Strains Associated with Sporadic Episodes of Bloody Gastroenteritis and Brainerd's Diarrhea

et al. 2005

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Campylobacter curvus is a rarely encountered Campylobacter species in human, animal, and environmental samples. During the course of two investigations, one involving a search for possible bacterial agents causing bloody gastroenteritis and a second concerning a small outbreak of Brainerd's diarrhea in northern California, 20 strains of C. curvus or C. curvus-like organisms were isolated by a microfiltration technique and prolonged incubation. The results suggest that C. curvus may be an underappreciated Campylobacter that may be involved in sporadic and outbreak cases of bloody or chronic diarrhea in humans.The genus Campylobacter consists of curved or S-shaped gram-negative, oxidase-positive microaerophilic bacilli with a respiratory type of metabolism (15). The genus has undergone several taxonomic revisions over the past decade, including the transfer of a number of species to either the genus Arcobacter or the genus Helicobacter (12). Sixteen species presently reside in the genus Campylobacter. Of these 16 species, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and C. fetus are the major species of medical, public health, or veterinary interest involved in disease processes (12).Of the 13 remaining Campylobacter species, very little information regarding their pathogenicity is available, although some species, such as C. upsaliensis, C. hyointestinalis, and C. lari, have been associated with various infectious syndromes (1, 3, 13). Even less information about campylobacters such as C. curvus is available. Originally described in 1984 ("Wolinella curva") (14), only four strains of C. curvus were described in that report; two strains were associated with the oral cavity, one isolate was from blood, and the fourth was a clinical isolate of unknown origin. Since that initial report, few studies have reported on the isolation of C. curvus. C. curvus has been isolated from the stools of patients who subsequently presented with either Guillain-Barré or Fisher's syndrome, although no role in the development of these neurologic conditions could be associated with this species (8). In a 2000 study of more than 1,300 human stool specimens conducted to study the prevalence of campylobacters (other than C. jejuni and C. coli), only 3 of 48 campylobacters recovered were tentatively identified as C. curvus-like (4). A study from 2003 (11) reported that 320 consecutive liquid or semisolid fecal specimens submitted to a laboratory for enteric pathogen detection were culture negative for C. curvus, although one stool specimen was positive for C. curvus by 16S rRNA gene PCR. These cumulative results suggest that the frequency of C. curvus in the gastrointestinal tracts of symptomatic individuals is exceedingly low.Over a 4-year period, we have isolated 20 strains of C. curvus from two separate and distinct clinical settings, namely, from a hospital survey of infectious causes of bloody diarrhea and from an outbreak of Brainerd's diarrhea in northern California. These isolations serve as the basis of this report. MATERIALS AND METHODSSettings...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Description of Campylobacter curvus and C. curvus -Like Strains Associated with Sporadic Episodes of Bloody Gastroenteritis and Brainerd's Diarrhea

et al. 2005

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“…At 16s rRNA similarities of 97.5 YO and above, DNA reassociation values can either be significantly lower than 70%, or may be as high as 100% (Fox et al, 1992 ;Stackebrandt & Goebel, 1994). Conversely, high levels of intraspecific sequence variation have been identified by Clayton et al (1995), and also in the current study, where we describe intraspecific sequence similarities of as low as 95.7% for C. hyointestinalis.…”

Section: Hyointestinalismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally accepted that DNA-DNA hybridization is superior to 16s rRNA phylogenetic analysis in delineating relationships between closely related taxa (Fox et al, 1992;Stackebrandt & Goebel, 1994). At 16s rRNA similarities of 97.5 YO and above, DNA reassociation values can either be significantly lower than 70%, or may be as high as 100% (Fox et al, 1992 ;Stackebrandt & Goebel, 1994).…”

Section: Hyointestinalismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased length was due to the presence of an intervening sequence (IVS) of 244 bp, located after base 215 (E. coli numbering). Intervening sequences of diverse lengths and sequences have been described previously at this location in the 16s rRNA gene for several Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter sputorum, Campylobacter helveticus, Campylobacter rectus and Campylobacter curvus (listed by Etoh et al, 1998). Distribution of intervening sequences in the 16s rRNA genes of C. hyointestinalis resembles that of C. helveticus (Linton et al, 1994) and C. rectus (Etoh et al, 1998), in that a given strain may possess the enlarged gene (as for CHY4), both types of gene (CHY 5), or the non-IVS-containing gene alone (all other strains).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Note: Extensive 16S rRNA gene sequence diversity in Campylobacter hyointestinalis strains: Taxonomic and applied implications

Harrington

1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Ph y logenet ic relationships of Campylobacter hyointestinalis subspecies were examined by means of 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Sequence similarities among C. hyointestinalis subsp. Iawsonii strains exceeded 99.0 %, but values among C. hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis strains ranged from 964 to 100 %. Sequence similarites between strains representing the two different subspecies ranged from 95.7 to 990%. An intervening sequence was identified in certain of the C. hyointestinalis subsp. lawsonii strains. C. hyointestinalis strains occupied two distinct branches in a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Campylobacter, emphasizing the need for multiple strain analysis when using 165 rRNA gene sequence comparisons for taxonomic investigations.

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“…In certain Campylobacter species, intervening sequences (IVS) in the 16S rRNA gene have been described, particularly for C. sputorum, C. curvus, C. rectus, C. helveticus and C. hyointestinalis (Linton et al, 1994;Etoh et al, 1998). When compared with the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type species C. fetus (GenBank accession no.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic relatedness within the genus Campylobacter inferred from rpoB sequences

Korczak

Stieber

Emler

et al. 2006

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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The genus Campylobacter comprises 17 species, some of which are important animal and human pathogens. To gain more insight into the genetic relatedness of this genus and to improve the molecular tools available for diagnosis, a universal sequencing approach was established for the gene encoding the beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB) for the genus Campylobacter. A total of 59 strains, including the type strains of currently recognized species as well as field isolates, were investigated in the study. A primer set specific for Campylobacter species enabled straightforward amplification and sequencing of a 530 bp fragment of the rpoB gene. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of all of the strains were determined in parallel. A good congruence was obtained between 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequence-based trees within the genus Campylobacter. The branching of the rpoB tree was similar to that of the 16S rRNA gene tree, even though a few discrepancies were observed for certain species. The resolution of the rpoB gene within the genus Campylobacter was generally much higher than that of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, resulting in a clear separation of most species and even some subspecies. The universally applicable amplification and sequencing approach for partial rpoB gene sequence determination provides a powerful tool for DNA sequence-based discrimination of Campylobacter species.The genus Campylobacter was first proposed by M. Sebald and M. Véron in 1963 and included only the type species Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter bubulus, now known as Campylobacter sputorum (Sebald & Véron, 1963). These taxa had formerly been classified as Vibrio species. In 1973, M. Véron and R. Chatelain included several misclassified Vibrio in the distinct Campylobacter genus based on serological, biochemical and DNA-DNA hybridization investigations (On, 2001). Since then, the taxonomy of the genus has changed dramatically. At present, it comprises 17 species with validly published names and six recognized subspecies (On, 2001;Foster et al., 2004). In addition, strains belonging to C. sputorum are divided into three biovars, sputorum, fecalis and paraureolyticus, on the basis of their ability to produce catalase or urease Vandamme & On, 2001).In general, members of the genus Campylobacter colonize the mucosal surfaces of the intestinal tract, oral cavity or urogenital tract of healthy, as well as diseased, humans and animals, especially birds. Several species may act as pathogens, causing disease in both human and animal hosts. Twelve of the 17 Campylobacter species are associated with human diseases. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are particularly frequent causative agents of human bacterial intestinal disorders worldwide (Skirrow, 1994). There have also been reported cases of diarrhoea in man caused by Campylobacter upsaliensis and Campylobacter lari, but the frequency of these infections is very low (Bourke et al., 1998;Van Doorn et al., 1998). Occasionally, Campylobacter species are implicated as causative agents of pericard...

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Intervening Sequences in 16S rRNA Genes of Campylobacter sp.: Diversity of Nucleotide Sequences and Uniformity of Location

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Description of Campylobacter curvus and C. curvus -Like Strains Associated with Sporadic Episodes of Bloody Gastroenteritis and Brainerd's Diarrhea

Description of Campylobacter curvus and C. curvus -Like Strains Associated with Sporadic Episodes of Bloody Gastroenteritis and Brainerd's Diarrhea

Note: Extensive 16S rRNA gene sequence diversity in Campylobacter hyointestinalis strains: Taxonomic and applied implications

Genetic relatedness within the genus Campylobacter inferred from rpoB sequences

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