Intestinal microbiota in human health and disease: the impact of probiotics

Gerritsen, J.; Smidt, Hauke; Rijkers, Ger T.; Vos, Willem M. de

doi:10.1007/s12263-011-0229-7

Cited by 599 publications

(429 citation statements)

References 256 publications

(261 reference statements)

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“…The finding is in agreement with several probiotic intervention studies, where limited changes in overall structure of fecal microbiota were observed both in children (Larsen et al, 2011;Nylund et al, 2013) and in adults (Gerritsen et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2013;Lahti et al, 2013). The increased stability of Actinobacteria in the treatment group may have been caused by inulin, which is known to support the growth of bifidobacteria, the main group within the phylum, in the intestine (Veereman, 2007;Salazar et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Discordant temporal development of bacterial phyla and the emergence of core in the fecal microbiota of young children

et al. 2015

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The colonization pattern of intestinal microbiota during childhood may impact health later in life, but children older than 1 year are poorly studied. We followed healthy children aged 1-4 years (n = 28) for up to 12 months, during which a synbiotic intervention and occasional antibiotics intake occurred, and compared them with adults from the same region. Microbiota was quantified with the HITChip phylogenetic microarray and analyzed with linear mixed effects model and other statistical approaches. Synbiotic administration increased the stability of Actinobacteria and antibiotics decreased Clostridium cluster XIVa abundance. Bacterial diversity did not increase in 1-to 5-year-old children and remained significantly lower than in adults. Actinobacteria, Bacilli and Clostridium cluster IV retained child-like abundances, whereas some other groups were converting to adult-like profiles. Microbiota stability increased, with Bacteroidetes being the main contributor. The common core of microbiota in children increased with age from 18 to 25 highly abundant genus-level taxa, including several butyrate-producing organisms, and developed toward an adult-like composition. In conclusion, intestinal microbiota is not established before 5 years of age and diversity, core microbiota and different taxa are still developing toward adult-type configuration. Discordant development patterns of bacterial phyla may reflect physiological development steps in children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Discordant temporal development of bacterial phyla and the emergence of core in the fecal microbiota of young children

et al. 2015

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“…15 Major local changes in microbiota composition in specific areas of the gastrointestinal tract might not be reflected in faecal samples. 16 The probiotics may have changed the microbiota via indirect effects, e.g. provision of important trace nutrients (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics drive gut microbiome triggering emotional brain signatures

et al. 2018

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Experimental manipulation of the gut microbiome was found to modify emotional and cognitive behavior, neurotransmitter expression and brain function in rodents, but corresponding human data remain scarce. The present double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study aimed at investigating the effects of 4 weeks’ probiotic administration on behavior, brain function and gut microbial composition in healthy volunteers. Forty-five healthy participants divided equally into three groups (probiotic, placebo and no intervention) underwent functional MRI (emotional decision-making and emotional recognition memory tasks). In addition, stool samples were collected to investigate the gut microbial composition. Probiotic administration for 4 weeks was associated with changes in brain activation patterns in response to emotional memory and emotional decision-making tasks, which were also accompanied by subtle shifts in gut microbiome profile. Microbiome composition mirrored self-reported behavioral measures and memory performance. This is the first study reporting a distinct influence of probiotic administration at behavioral, neural, and microbiome levels at the same time in healthy volunteers. The findings provide a basis for future investigations into the role of the gut microbiota and potential therapeutic application of probiotics.

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“…26 In both situations manipulation of the microbiome has proven to be a promising method for treating the disease. [14][15][16] In particular, the use of fecal transplant has shown significant efficacy for C.diff infections which have been resistant to several rounds of antibiotic treatment. 39 In a similar mechanism, mice treated with antibiotics recover significantly faster and with greater microbial diversity when co-housed with a normal control mouse, due to natural coprophagic activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, the probiotic could have an indirect impact on the host by causing a modulation in the resident microbial population structure or enzymatic activity. 16 To suppress local inflammation at the intestine mucosal epithelium, bacteria can express super oxide dismutases (SOD). This reduction in local inflammation, driven by probiotic expression of SOD genes, has been correlated with improvements in mouse models of colitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Meta analysis of trials utilizing probiotics in the context of disease states has shown some efficacy. [14][15][16] However, the impact on a microbiome devastated by antibiotic treatment has not been well characterized. This study sought to determine the impacts of a mixed probiotic on the diversity of cecal and large intestinal contents of mice when taken during antibiotic treatment or throughout the recovery phase following antibiotic treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of probiotic supplements on microbiome diversity following antibiotic treatment of mice

2016

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Shifts in microbial populations of the intestinal tract have been associated with a multitude of nutritional, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. The limited diversity following antibiotic treatments creates a window for opportunistic pathogens, diarrhea, and inflammation as the microbiome repopulates. Depending on the antibiotics used, microbial diversity can take weeks to months to recover. To alleviate this loss of diversity in the intestinal microbiota, supplementation with probiotics has become increasingly popular. However, our understanding of the purported health benefits of these probiotic bacteria and their ability to shape the microbiome is significantly lacking. This study examined the impact of probiotics concurrent with antibiotic treatment or during the recovery phase following antibiotic treatment of mice. We found that probiotics did not appear to colonize the intestine themselves or shift the overall diversity of the intestinal microbiota. However, the probiotic supplementation did significantly change the types of bacteria which were present. In particular, during the recovery phase the probiotic caused a suppression of Enterobacteriaceae outgrowth (Shigella and Escherichia) while promoting a blooming of Firmicutes, particularly from the Anaerotruncus genus. These results indicate that probiotics have a significant capacity to remodel the microbiome of an individual recovering from antibiotic therapy.

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Intestinal microbiota in human health and disease: the impact of probiotics

Cited by 599 publications

References 256 publications

Discordant temporal development of bacterial phyla and the emergence of core in the fecal microbiota of young children

Discordant temporal development of bacterial phyla and the emergence of core in the fecal microbiota of young children

Probiotics drive gut microbiome triggering emotional brain signatures

Impact of probiotic supplements on microbiome diversity following antibiotic treatment of mice

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