Intestinal Parasite Profile in the Stool of HIV Positive Patients in relation to Immune Status and Comparison of Various Diagnostic Techniques with Special Reference to<i>Cryptosporidium</i>at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

Kaniyarakkal, Vishnu; Mundangalam, Nizamuddin; Moorkoth, Anitha Puduvail; Mathew, Sheela

doi:10.1155/2016/3564359

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This prevalence was higher than in similar studies e.g. from Nigeria (5) or southern India (6), but lower than the prevalence described in previous studies from Ethiopia (i.e. from Desie (7), Butajira (8) and Bahir Dar (9)).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Causes for diarrhoea and infection with intestinal parasites among HIV positive patients at a referral hospital in Central Ethiopia

Mesfun

Fuchs

Holtfreter

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are a major public health challenge in many tropical countries.Opportunistic intestinal coccidia such as Cryptosporidia, Cytoisospora or Cyclospora species are common pathogens which are regularly missed using widely practiced wet mount stool microscopy techniques. Therefore, treatment choices are limited and mostly rely on empirical use of cotrimoxazole.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among HIV-infected individuals with and without diarrhoea at the Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital in Ethiopia. Methods:This institution-based cross sectional study was conducted among 163 ambulatory HIV-infected patients with and without diarrhoea. Stool samples were processed for both wet mount and Kinyoun stain. EDTA blood was collected for analysis of CD4 cell count using BD FACSCount™ Flow Cytometer.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Causes for diarrhoea and infection with intestinal parasites among HIV positive patients at a referral hospital in Central Ethiopia

Mesfun

Fuchs

Holtfreter

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Another study of Rao RP et al 14 in 2015 from Mangalore, India reported 49% of parasitic infection in HIV seropositive patients. Kaniyarakkal V et al 22 from South India (Kozhikode) reported 9% as prevalence of parasitic infection which was very less as compared to this study. A study conducted by Swathirajan CR et al 23 from Tamil Nadu, India intestinal parasite infections are common among HIV/AIDS patients was 23.4% which showed similar with this study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

“…Various researches from various parts of India also revealed a larger proportion of males in the HIV-infected population. This male preponderance may be related to men's proclivity to relocate for job, as well as their increased exposure to promiscuous and risky sex 22 . In this study the most common parasite was Taenia spp followed by Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum was found in 23.8% of HIV seropositive patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Parasite Infestation in HIV Infected Patients in Tertiary Care Center

Chandi¹,

Lakhani²

2021

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Every year, the number of people living with HIV rises as a consequence of advanced infections and the positive effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Gastrointestinal involvement is common, with 90% of patients seeking treatment for gastrointestinal problems as their HIV infection progresses. Nonetheless, identifying and characterization of infectious agents is important for patient management by excluding a clinical diagnosis and determining appropriate treatment, as well as determining public healthcare policy for true pathogen prevalence and yielding epidemiological risk factors for specific infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of symptomatic or asymptomatic intestinal parasitic infection among HIV or AIDS patients. For this study with 80 HIV seropositive patients being recruited from various wards and the Integrated Counseling and Testing Center (ICTC) affiliated to the microbiology department. Patients with acute and chronic diarrhea with abdominal disorder were taken as symptomatic whereas patients without these clinical complaints and who came for routine investigations were taken as asymptomatic. Firstly stool samples were analyzed by macroscopically for the presence of mucus, blood, larvae, segments of tapeworm and adult worms. The consistencies of stool were also recorded such as formed, watery or soft or loose with odor and color. It was examined microscopically after macroscopically for protozoan cysts and trophozoites, helminthic ova and larvae, as wet mount preparation by saline and iodine preparation as well as formal ether concentrated. For the detection of intestinal coccidian parasites, smears were prepared from stool samples and a modified Ziel-Nelseen (MZN) stain was also performed. Stool samples with the detection of parasites were informed for treatment. The prevalence of intestinal parasite was 23.75% with asymptomatic and symptomatic groups having a prevalence of 16.98% and 37.04% respectively. Out of total patients, 56.25% were male and 43.75% were female. Among the male patients, 11 (13.75%) were positive for an intestinal parasitic infection and 8 (10%) were positive among females. The age distribution data revealed that the age group 21-40 years old had the highest number of intestinal parasites, followed by 41-60, 61-80, and 0-20 years old. The most intestinal parasites were found in the young and middle-aged patients, according to this study. Different parasites were identified as Entamoeba histolytica, Taenia species, Ascaris lumbricoides, Cryptosporidium parvum and Isospora with one protozoan, two coccidian parasites and two helminthes. The most common parasite was Taenia species 6 (7.5%) followed by Entamoeba histolytica 5 (6.3%) and Cryptosporidium parvum 5 (6.3%). Intestinal parasitic infection is not uncommon in HIV seropositive patients. This study underscores the need for early diagnosis and treatment of these intestinal parasites in both symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV patients.

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“…was investigated in a population of HIV-positive adults and a prevalence of 3.92% (4/102) was found. Several studies have aimed to estimate the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised populations in different countries [ 5 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]; however, the results are heterogeneous even with data collected within the same country [ 7 , 37 , 38 ]. The discrepancies between the studies could be attributed in part to their methodological design; however, all the components of the epidemiological triad, which includes the interaction between the host, the parasite and the environment, could be behind these inconsistencies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Patients Living with HIV in Honduras

Betancourth

Archaga

Moncada³

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important causes of gastroenteritis in the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. It is caused by the Apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium spp., and mainly affects children and immunocompromised people, in whom it can pose a serious threat to their health, or even be life threatening. In Honduras, there are no data on parasite species or on molecular diversity or Cryptosporidium subtypes. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2019 and March 2020 for the molecular identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in 102 patients living with HIV who attended a national hospital in Tegucigalpa. Stool samples were analyzed by direct microscopy, acid-fast stained smears, and a rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic test. All samples that tested positive were molecularly analyzed to identify the species and subtype of the parasite using three different markers: gp60, cowp, and 18Sr. PCR products were also sequenced. Four out of 102 samples (3.92%) were positive for Cryptosporidiumparvum, and all were assigned to subtype IIa. These findings suggest a possible zoonotic transmission in this population.

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Intestinal Parasite Profile in the Stool of HIV Positive Patients in relation to Immune Status and Comparison of Various Diagnostic Techniques with Special Reference toCryptosporidiumat a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Causes for diarrhoea and infection with intestinal parasites among HIV positive patients at a referral hospital in Central Ethiopia

Causes for diarrhoea and infection with intestinal parasites among HIV positive patients at a referral hospital in Central Ethiopia

Intestinal Parasite Infestation in HIV Infected Patients in Tertiary Care Center

First Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Patients Living with HIV in Honduras

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