Intimate Partner Violence

Clark, T. Justin; Renner, Lynette M.; Carter, Keith D.; Nerad, Jeffrey A.; Allen, Richard C.; Shriver, Erin M.

doi:10.1097/iop.0000000000000165

Cited by 18 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…ZMC fracture is associated with repeated trauma and indicates a harsher mechanism of injury than non-ZMC orbital fractures. In fact, ZMC fractures are twice as common in IPV-related violence in contrast to non–IPV-related violence . This lack of specificity limited our study to identify specific IPV-related ocular injury traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…15,16 In fact, a University of Iowa level I trauma center 18-year medical chart review study reported that 20% of orbital trauma causing a fracture had no record of a cause. 17 Trauma inflicted to the eyes and visual pathways have demonstrated sight-threatening consequences like glaucoma, retinal detachment, retinal hemorrhage, ruptured globes, and orbital fractures. 18,19 Irreversible vision loss is linked to secondary sequelae including mental health issues, impaired mobility, loss of independence, and decline in quality of life.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Epidemiologic Pattern and Injury Mechanism of Intimate Partner Violence–Related Ocular Trauma in the US

et al. 2023

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ImportanceIntimate partner violence (IPV) is an important cause of death and disability worldwide. The literature estimates that 45% of IPV injuries involve the eyes. Many medical fields have increased IPV-related research; however, ophthalmology IPV research remains rare.ObjectiveTo evaluate the epidemiologic pattern and injury mechanism of IPV related to ocular trauma.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis with deidentified data using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB), which is a data set collected by the American College of Surgeons. The NTDB is the largest US hospitalized trauma case database with submissions from more than 900 US facilities. Included in this analysis were the IPV-related ocular injuries of patients hospitalized between 2017 and 2019. Study data were analyzed from April 20 to October 15, 2022.ExposuresIPV-related ocular injuries.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOcular injuries and adult IPV trauma survivors were identified with the ICD-10-CM codes. The following demographic data were collected: sex, age, race and ethnicity, health insurance plan, substance misuse screening results, trauma level of hospital, the emergency department disposition, the total Glasgow Coma Scale score, the abbreviated injury scale, and caregiver at discharge.ResultsA total of 2598 of the recorded ocular injuries were associated with IPV. Patients had a mean (SD) age of 45.2 (18.4) years, and 1618 were female (62.3%). Most patients in the population sample (1195 [46.0%]) were aged 18 to 39 years. The race and ethnicity distribution was as follows: 629 Black (24.2%), 296 Hispanic (11.4%), 1358 White (52.3%), 229 other (8.8%), and 86 missing (3.3%). Insurance statuses were Medicaid (847 [32.6%]), Medicare (524 [20.2%]), private insurance (524 [20.2%]), and self-pay (488 [18.8%]). Women had greater odds of testing positive during alcohol screening (odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.21-1.67; P &lt; .001). Black patients were most likely to have Medicaid (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.35-1.99; P &lt; .001), Hispanic patients were most likely to self-pay (OR, 1.96, 95% CI, 1.48-2.58; P &lt; .001), and White patients were most likely to use Medicare (OR, 2.94, 95% CI, 2.33-3.73; P &lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceSocial determinants of health were identified as key risk factors for IPV-related ocular injuries. Study findings highlight identifiable risk factors associated with IPV and ocular trauma that can contribute to IPV awareness among ophthalmologists.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic Pattern and Injury Mechanism of Intimate Partner Violence–Related Ocular Trauma in the US

et al. 2023

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“…The midface is the most commonly involved anatomical site of injury in IPV-related physical abuse, and women with physical injuries in the head, neck, and face are 7.5 times more likely to have experienced IPV compared with women with injuries elsewhere. [4][5][6] IPVrelated ocular injuries can be vision threatening and include intraocular hemorrhages, traumatic cataract, retinal detachment, and globe rupture. 6 In addition, IPV-related physical injury is responsible for 7.6% to 10.2% of orbital and zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures in women, 4,6,7 although the true prevalence is likely underestimated because the cause or perpetrator for many assault cases remain unidentified.…”

Section: Invited Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disturbingly, ZMC fractures occur twice as frequently in IPVrelated assault compared with non-IPV-related violence. 4,6 Thus, detection and prevention of IPV in patients with oculofacial injury is of paramount importance and could be vision saving and lifesaving.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intimate Partner Violence–Related Oculofacial Injuries During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Slentz¹,

Joseph

2021

JAMA Ophthalmol

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“…Details of the included study characteristics are provided in online supplementary tables S6-S8 and tables S12-15. In total, [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116] Most studies were from the USA (72 studies, 81%), with a minority from Australia (8 studies, 9%) and Europe (4 studies, 4%). The majority of indicators comprised different ICD-9 coding clusters (64 studies) or modified versions of ICD-10 (14 studies).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive value of indicators for identifying child maltreatment and intimate partner violence in coded electronic health records: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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ObjectiveElectronic health records (EHRs) are routinely used to identify family violence, yet reliable evidence of their validity remains limited. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the positive predictive values (PPVs) of coded indicators in EHRs for identifying intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment (CM), including prenatal neglect.MethodsWe searched 18 electronic databases between January 1980 and May 2020 for studies comparing any coded indicator of IPV or CM including prenatal neglect defined as neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) or fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), against an independent reference standard. We pooled PPVs for each indicator using random effects meta-analyses.ResultsWe included 88 studies (3 875 183 individuals) involving 15 indicators for identifying CM in the prenatal period and childhood (0–18 years) and five indicators for IPV among women of reproductive age (12–50 years). Based on the International Classification of Disease system, the pooled PPV was over 80% for NAS (16 studies) but lower for FAS (<40%; seven studies). For young children, primary diagnoses of CM, specific injury presentations (eg, rib fractures and retinal haemorrhages) and assaults showed a high PPV for CM (pooled PPVs: 55.9%–87.8%). Indicators of IPV in women had a high PPV, with primary diagnoses correctly identifying IPV in >85% of cases.ConclusionsCoded indicators in EHRs have a high likelihood of correctly classifying types of CM and IPV across the life course, providing a useful tool for assessment, support and monitoring of high-risk groups in health services and research.

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Intimate Partner Violence

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Epidemiologic Pattern and Injury Mechanism of Intimate Partner Violence–Related Ocular Trauma in the US

Epidemiologic Pattern and Injury Mechanism of Intimate Partner Violence–Related Ocular Trauma in the US

Intimate Partner Violence–Related Oculofacial Injuries During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Predictive value of indicators for identifying child maltreatment and intimate partner violence in coded electronic health records: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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