Into the Seed: Auxin Controls Seed Development and Grain Yield

Cao, Jinshan; Guo-ji, LI; Qu, Dejie; Li, Xia; Wang, Youning

doi:10.3390/ijms21051662

Cited by 54 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Finally, when we compared the DMGs and DEGs between the full apomictic and the sexual cultivars, we found that three WAT1 genes showed different level of 6mA methylation that correlated with their downregulation in apomictic plants. WAT1 genes are vacuolar auxin transporters, very similar in structure and function to PIN genes; both gene groups mediate intracellular auxin homoeostasis [ 68 ] and play a critical role in determining the directionality of auxin flows during embryonic and post-embryonic development [ 69 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Methylation Patterns in Apomictic vs. Sexual Genotypes of the Diplosporous Grass Eragrostis curvula

Carballo

Zappacosta

Marconi

et al. 2021

Plants

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DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism by which a methyl group is added to a cytosine or an adenine. When located in a gene/regulatory sequence it may repress or de-repress genes, depending on the context and species. Eragrostis curvula is an apomictic grass in which facultative genotypes increases the frequency of sexual pistils triggered by epigenetic mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to look for correlations between the reproductive mode and specific methylated genes or genomic regions. To do so, plants with contrasting reproductive modes were investigated through MCSeEd (Methylation Context Sensitive Enzyme ddRad) showing higher levels of DNA methylation in apomictic genotypes. Moreover, an increased proportion of differentially methylated positions over the regulatory regions were observed, suggesting its possible role in regulation of gene expression. Interestingly, the methylation pathway was also found to be self-regulated since two of the main genes (ROS1 and ROS4), involved in de-methylation, were found differentially methylated between genotypes with different reproductive behavior. Moreover, this work allowed us to detect several genes regulated by methylation that were previously found as differentially expressed in the comparisons between apomictic and sexual genotypes, linking DNA methylation to differences in reproductive mode.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Methylation Patterns in Apomictic vs. Sexual Genotypes of the Diplosporous Grass Eragrostis curvula

Carballo

Zappacosta

Marconi

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…Two genes were identified at these two QTLs, namely Vigun05g139100, encoding an auxin-responsive protein-related protein, and Vigun05g140300, encoding DUF538. Auxin is important for seed development, with specific effects on the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat, all of which influence seed size and yield (Cao et al, 2020). Genes encoding auxin-related proteins control seed size (Schruff et al, 2006;Ishimaru et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2015;Sun et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of QTLs for Domestication-Related Traits in Zombi Pea [Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich], a Lost Crop of Africa

et al. 2020

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Zombi pea [Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich] is a legume crop found in Africa. Wild zombi pea is widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions, whereas domesticated zombi pea is rarely cultivated. Plant domestication is an evolutionary process in which the phenotypes of wild species, including seed dormancy, pod shattering, organ size, and architectural and phenological characteristics, undergo changes. The molecular mechanism underlying the domestication of zombi pea is relatively unknown. In this study, the genetic basis of the following 13 domesticationrelated traits was investigated in an F 2 population comprising 198 individuals derived from a cross between cultivated (var. macrosperma) and wild (var. vexillata) zombi pea accessions: seed dormancy, pod shattering, days-to-flowering, days-to-maturity, stem thickness, stem length, number of branches, leaf area, pod length, 100-seed weight, seed width, seed length, and seeds per pod. A genetic map containing 6,529 single nucleotide polymorphisms constructed for the F 2 population was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits. A total of 62 QTLs were identified for the 13 traits, with 1-11 QTLs per trait. The major QTLs for days-to-flowering, stem length, number of branches, pod length, 100-seed weight, seed length, and seeds per pod were clustered in linkage group 5. In contrast, the major QTLs for seed dormancy and pod shattering belonged to linkage groups 3 and 11, respectively. A comparative genomic analysis with the cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] genome used as the reference sequence (i.e., the genome of the legume species most closely related to zombi pea) enabled the identification of candidate genes for the major QTLs. Thus, we revealed the genomic regions associated with domestication-related traits and the candidate genes controlling these traits in zombi pea. The data presented herein may be useful for breeding new varieties of zombi pea and other Vigna species.

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“…Therefore, these three TaCKX genes take part in maintaining a homeostatic loop between CKs and IAA in developing wheat plants. As reviewed by Cao et al [45], auxin was proven to be a key regulator of different processes involved in seed development, seed size and weight. Seed development has been influenced by auxin level, their transport and signalling pathway and mediated by auxin homeostasis.…”

Section: Homeostatic Feedback Loop Between Tackx Genes Transcription and Phytohormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

TaCKX2.2 Genes Coordinate Expression of Other TaCKX Family Members, Regulate Phytohormone Content and Yield-Related Traits of Wheat

Jabłoński

Szala

Przyborowski

et al. 2021

IJMS

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TaCKX gene family members (GFMs) play essential roles in the regulation of cytokinin during wheat development and significantly influence yield-related traits. However, detailed function of most of them is not known. To characterize the role of TaCKX2.2 genes we silenced all homoeologous copies of both TaCKX2.2.1 and TaCKX2.2.2 by RNAi technology and observed the effect of silencing in 7 DAP spikes of T1 and T2 generations. The levels of gene silencing of these developmentally regulated genes were different in both generations, which variously determined particular phenotypes. High silencing of TaCKX2.2.2 in T2 was accompanied by slight down-regulation of TaCKX2.2.1 and strong up-regulation of TaCKX5 and TaCKX11, and expression of TaCKX1, TaCKX2.1, and TaCKX9 was comparable to the non-silenced control. Co-ordinated expression of TaCKX2.2.2 with other TaCKX GFMs influenced phytohormonal homeostasis. Contents of isoprenoid, active cytokinins, their conjugates, and auxin in seven DAP spikes of silenced T2 plants increased from 1.27 to 2.51 times. However, benzyladenine (BA) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents were significantly reduced and GA3 was not detected. We documented a significant role of TaCKX2.2.2 in the regulation of thousand grain weight (TGW), grain number, and chlorophyll content, and demonstrated the formation of a homeostatic feedback loop between the transcription of tested genes and phytohormones. We also discuss the mechanism of regulation of yield-related traits.

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Into the Seed: Auxin Controls Seed Development and Grain Yield

Cited by 54 publications

References 102 publications

Differential Methylation Patterns in Apomictic vs. Sexual Genotypes of the Diplosporous Grass Eragrostis curvula

Differential Methylation Patterns in Apomictic vs. Sexual Genotypes of the Diplosporous Grass Eragrostis curvula

Identification of QTLs for Domestication-Related Traits in Zombi Pea [Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich], a Lost Crop of Africa

TaCKX2.2 Genes Coordinate Expression of Other TaCKX Family Members, Regulate Phytohormone Content and Yield-Related Traits of Wheat

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