Intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat as predictors of cardiometabolic risk in a sample of Mexican children

González-Álvarez, C; Ramos-Ibáñez, Norma; Azprioz-Leehan, J; Hernández, Luis Ortíz

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.28

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In addition, the associations of SAT were even stronger than those for VAT for most risk factors, especially in boys. Similar results have been reported in several prior small studies 11–13 26 27. A recent study of 94 Mexican school children showed magnetic resonance-measured SAT rather than VAT was associated with higher cardiometabolic risk 11.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Similar results have been reported in several prior small studies 11–13 26 27. A recent study of 94 Mexican school children showed magnetic resonance-measured SAT rather than VAT was associated with higher cardiometabolic risk 11. Another small cross-sectional study of 30 overweight and obese prepubertal children reported that insulin sensitivity was negatively correlated with DXA-measured SAT but not with VAT 26.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Several longitudinal studies have indicated that visceral adiposity has been shown to be associated with incident cardiovascular disease after adjustment for clinical risk factors and general adiposity 20 22 23. However, several cross-sectional studies of children and adolescents have demonstrated inconsistent results, with some showing the adverse effect of VAT on metabolic disorders9 10 but not for others 11–13. These inconsistencies may be due to small sample size, focusing only on obese subjects or without adjustment of body fat mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in adults have demonstrated that VAT is more strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors than total fat and SAT 6 7. Several pediatric studies examining the association between abdominal fat compartments and cardiometabolic risk have reported inconsistent results 9–14. Given that body mass index (BMI) is the most commonly used measure for screening obesity and obesity-related complications in childhood, it would be important to determine whether VAT and SAT provide more information of cardiometabolic risk in addition to BMI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in association with cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: the China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) study

Yan

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2019

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

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ObjectiveTo investigate the association of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.Research design and methodsThis cross-sectional study consisted of 8460 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years from Chinese urban areas who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and had metabolic risk factors measured.ResultsIn multivariate analysis adjusted for region, family income, age, puberty development, physical activity, and smoking, VAT and SAT were significantly associated with all metabolic risk factors for both sexes (all p<0.01). After additional adjustment for fat mass index, most of these associations remain significantly positive. In boys, SAT had greater ORs for all risk factors compared with VAT; in girls, however, SAT had greater odds for high triglycerides, smaller odds for high low-density lipid cholesterol, and similar odds for other risk factors compared with VAT. In addition, boys had greater magnitude of associations of SAT with high total cholesterol, high low-density lipid cholesterol, and low high-density lipid cholesterol compared with girls; no sex differences for VAT were observed.ConclusionsBoth abdominal VAT and SAT have adverse impacts on most of the cardiometabolic risk factors in youth. However, their relative contributions differ between sexes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in association with cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: the China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) study

Yan

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2019

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Fat distribution in different adipose tissue areas is one of the major contributing factor in insulin resistance and metabolic disorders in obesity. There is a growing body of evidence, supporting the leading role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the development of insulin resistance and meta-inflammation in obesity, as this fat depot is a major source of systemic free fatty acid flux 49 – 51 . Vieira et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-based differences in phagocyte metabolic profile in rats with monosodium glutamate-induced obesity

Rudyk

Позур

Voieikova

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The important component of obesity pathogenesis is inflammatory activation of innate immune cells within adipose tissue and in other body locations. Both the course of obesity and innate immune reactivity are characterized by sex-associated differences. The aim of the work was a comparative investigation of metabolic profiles of phagocytes from different locations in male and female rats with MSG-induced obesity. The administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) caused obesity, with sex-associated differences, that was more severe in male rats. Obesity was associated with pro-inflammatory activation of CD14+ phagocytes from adipose tissue in female, but not in male rats, which was demonstrated by decreased phagocytosis activity along with increased ROS generation. Phagocytes from the peritoneal cavity and peripheral blood of obese female rats exhibited neutral metabolic profile, whereas those cells from obese male rats displayed a pro-inflammatory metabolic profile. Thus, the manifestation of obesity-induced inflammation was characterized by different patterns of metabolic profile of phagocytes in male and female rats. Identified immune cell characteristics expand our knowledge of obesity immunobiology and may help to develop more effective preventive and therapeutic interventions for obese patients of different sexes.

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Early-Life Risk Factors for Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Carotid Stiffness in Adolescence

van der Linden,

Roodenburg,

Nijhof

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceAtherogenesis starts during childhood, making childhood and adolescence an important window of opportunity to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease later in life.ObjectiveTo identify early-life risk factors for preclinical atherosclerosis in adolescence.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study is part of the ongoing Wheezing Illness Study in Leidsche Rijn (WHISTLER) prospective birth cohort study, which includes 3005 healthy newborns born between December 2001 and December 2012 in the Leidsche Rijn area of Utrecht, the Netherlands. Eligible participants included those from the WHISTLER cohort who visited the clinic between March 2019 and October 2020 for adolescent follow-up. This study’s analyses were performed in January 2024.ExposuresEarly-life growth was assessed at birth to 6 months, 5 years, and 12 to 16 years. Abdominal ultrasonography determined abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) depth. Blood pressure (BP) percentiles and body mass index (BMI) z scores were used.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCarotid ultrasonography was performed at age 12 to 16 years to assess carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and the distensibility coefficient (DC), established measures of preclinical atherosclerosis. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify early-life risk factors for cIMT and DC in adolescence.ResultsIn total, 232 adolescents (median [IQR] age, 14.9 [13.7-15.8] years; 121 female [52.2%]) were included. More postnatal weight gain (B = 12.34; 95% CI, 2.39 to 22.39), higher systolic BP at 5 years (B = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.02 to 1.01), more VAT at 5 years (B = 3.48; 95% CI, 1.55 to 5.40), and a larger change in VAT between 5 and 12 to 16 years (B = 3.13; 95% CI, 1.87 to 4.39) were associated with a higher cIMT in adolescence. A higher BMI (B = −2.70, 95% CI,−4.59 to −0.80) and VAT at 5 years (B = −0.56; 95% CI, −0.87 to −0.25), as well as a larger change in BMI between 5 and 12 to 16 years (B = −3.63; 95% CI, −5.66 to −1.60) were associated with a higher carotid stiffness in adolescence. On the contrary, a larger change in SAT between 5 and 12 to 16 years (B = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.58) was associated with a higher carotid DC in adolescence.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of 232 participants, early-life growth parameters, and particularly abdominal VAT development, were associated with a higher cIMT and carotid stiffness in adolescence. These findings suggest that assessment of adipose tissue development during childhood can aid characterization of lifetime risk trajectories and tailoring of cardiovascular prevention and risk management strategies.

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Intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat as predictors of cardiometabolic risk in a sample of Mexican children

Abstract: In this sample of Mexican schoolchildren, TBF and SAF, but not IAF, were associated with higher cardiometabolic risk.

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in association with cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: the China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) study

Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in association with cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: the China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) study

Sex-based differences in phagocyte metabolic profile in rats with monosodium glutamate-induced obesity

Early-Life Risk Factors for Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Carotid Stiffness in Adolescence

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