2017
DOI: 10.5604/16652681.1226927
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Intrahepatic, Perihilar and Distal Cholangiocarcinoma: Management and Outcomes

Abstract: Introduction & Aims Cholangiocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors that can be classified into three clinically distinct types of cancers, intrahepatic, perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma. The inconsistent use of nomenclature for these cancers has obscured a true knowledge of the epidemiology, natural history and response to therapy of these cancers. Our aims were to define demographic characteristics, management and outcomes of these three distinct cancer types. Materials and Methods A retrosp… Show more

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Cited by 86 publications
(61 citation statements)
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“…Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is relatively rare and accounts for about 3% of all gastrointestinal cancers in the United States and 5% in Japan. The overall 5‐y survival rate of CCA is 20%‐30% with a poor prognosis secondary to only to pancreatic cancer 1,2 . The reason for this low survival rate is the limited CCA treatment methods available.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is relatively rare and accounts for about 3% of all gastrointestinal cancers in the United States and 5% in Japan. The overall 5‐y survival rate of CCA is 20%‐30% with a poor prognosis secondary to only to pancreatic cancer 1,2 . The reason for this low survival rate is the limited CCA treatment methods available.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 5 ] Therefore, more than 2/3 of EHCC patients with definitive diagnoses are in late stage and have missed the opportunity for radical surgery. [ 6 ] The survival time of patients with unresectable EHCC was usually only 6-9 months. [ 2 ]…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, the interaction of cancer cells and the host microenvironment plays a critical role in strengthening the metastatic proficiency. Thus, a better understanding of the oncological drivers of these tumors, including their interaction with the microenvironment, is of utmost importance [15, 16]. In this review, we will focus on the role of these tumor-associated cells in the tumorigenesis and progression of GI cancers, as well as on their role in treatment resistance and potential targeted therapeutic approaches.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%