Intramammary treatment using allogeneic pure platelet-rich plasma in cows with subclinical mastitis caused by Gram-positive bacteria

Abstract

The aims of the study were (1) to compare the cure risk of intramammary treatment of pure platelet rich plasma (P-PRP) or cefquinome sulfate (CS) in cows with subclinical mastitis (SCM) caused by Gram-positive bacteria, evaluated via somatic cell count (SCC) and the microbiological analysis of milk; (2) to compare the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory response of mammary gland to both treatments through the analyses of interleukins (IL), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in milk. A non-inferiority randomized clinical trial was conducted. The null hypothesis was that cure risk in the experimental group (P-PRP) was inferior to the reference group (CS). A total of 103 cows were selected according to SCC and presence of Gram-positive bacteria, 49 cows were treated with CS and 54 cows were treated with P-PRP after determination of its cellular and molecular quality control. Cure was assessed by milk analyses at day 21 and 22 after treatment. Cows that remained with SCM were retreated at day 26, and cure assessed at day 47 and 48. Overall, bacteriological cure was observed in 16 cows (30%) of the P-PRP group, and 35 cows (71%) in CS group. Staphylococcus aureus cure risk was higher in CS group, but inconclusive for Streptococcus spp. The mean SCC increased in relation to time only in the P-PRP group. A direct relation between time and treatment for IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6 was observed, while no differences were observed for IL-4. Furthermore, IL-1 and IL-2 increased in cows treated twice in both groups. IL-8, IFN-γ, and TNF-α showed a significant interaction between time and treatment. IFN-γ concentration was lower in the P-PRP group compared to the CS on days 0 and 22. Leukocyte counts were lower in P-PRP when compared to whole blood. TGF-β1 and PF4 concentrations were higher in platelet lysates in comparison to P-PRGS and plasma. Moreover, PDGF-BB concentration was significantly higher in platelet lysates in comparison to plasma. Results obtained in this study demonstrate that SCM treated with PRP showed a lower rate of bacteriologic cure when compared to animals treated with CS.

Temporal Release and Denature of Several Mediators in Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma and Temperature-Induced Platelet Lysates Derived from a Similar Bovine Platelet Concentrate

“…As mentioned, one of the technical reasons why this research was performed was related to knowing what hemocomponent, either P-PRP or TIPL, could be more suitable for the treatment of dairy cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis [11,13].…”

“…As mentioned, one of the technical reasons why this research was performed was related to knowing what hemocomponent, either P-PRP or TIPL, could be more suitable for the treatment of dairy cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis [ 11 , 13 ]. This aspect is of paramount importance because great volumes of homologous hemocomponents could be required for the clinical management of several cows on a dairy farm, bearing in mind that the incidence of this disease could vary between 19 and 52.7% [ 25 ].…”

“…On the other hand, it is probable that most dairy farms have limitations in producing their HCs because they could lack lab facilities or be located very distantly from a supplier of these biodrugs. Thus, from a theoretical point of view, the employment of ready-to-use frozen PLs as a treatment for any clinical form of mastitis [ 11 ] could be more technically suitable than using fresh PRP [ 13 ]. However, several intriguing results obtained in this research, which will be discussed in this section, could be useful for partially debunking the theoretical advantages of PL when compared to PRP.…”

“…According to the revised literature, there are scarce published studies comparing the GF and cytokine release kinetics in bovine HCs, such as PRP and PL, and how the stability of these biomolecules (mediators) could be affected by factors such as time and temperature. These aspects are of paramount importance when it is planned to produce large volumes of homologous HCs, as happens when it is expected to treat several cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis in dairy farms [ 11 , 13 ].…”

Clinical Application of Platelet Concentrates in Bovine Practice: A Systematic Review

“…Platelet concentrates (PCs) are biological autologous blood products that have been used since their introduction in dental and oral surgery [ 1 ], sports medicine and orthopaedics [ 2 , 3 ], reproductive affection [ 4 , 5 , 6 ] mastitis [ 7 , 8 ]. The PCs consist mainly of supraphysiological concentrations of platelets and, therefore, growth factors (GFs) stored within platelet α-granules [ 9 ].…”