Intrauterine exposure to cocaine: Effect on neurobehavior of neonates

Phillips, Rebecca; Sharma, Rajesh; Premachandra, B. R.; Vaughn, Arthur J.; Reyes-Lee, Martha

doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(96)90045-4

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Phillips et al (1996) found less neonatal smiling in response to external stimuli in cocaine-exposed newborns. In the present study, it is possible that subtle kinesthetic cues from their mothers fostered the emotional expressivity of the cocaine-exposed toddlers during the inoculation procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Facial expressivity to acute pain in cocaine-exposed toddlers

Roumell

Wille

Abramson

et al. 1997

Infant Ment. Health J.

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Expressive emotion regulation in response to stress following inoculation was examined in 30 18‐month‐olds. Fourteen were exposed to cocaine in utero and 16 were drug‐free. Findings indicated that the cocaine‐exposed group displayed fewer discrete negative expressions of distress and anger and more sadness in response to acute pain. These results suggest that cocaine exposure may exert an influence on the expression of emotion into the second year of life. © 1997 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Cocaine-exposed newborns produced fewer neonatal smiles in response to external stimulation (Phillips, Sharma, Premachandra, Vaughn, & Reyes-Lee, 1996). At 4 and 8 months, cocaine-exposed infants displayed fewer positive and negative facial emotions during a learning procedure than did drug-free controls (Alessandri, Sullivan, Imaizumi, & Lewis, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Facial expressivity to acute pain in cocaine-exposed toddlers

Roumell

Wille

Abramson

et al. 1997

Infant Ment. Health J.

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“…In addition, identification and quantification of pharmacologic, biologic, and social variables that may confound, mediate, or moderate drug effects pose a formidable methodologic challenge. To illustrate how these two methodologic issues influence interpretation of human neonatal neurobehavioral outcome studies, we focus on findings of the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scales 3–13 and on neonatal cranial ultrasounds. 14–20 These outcomes have been measured in multiple studies for nearly a decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Neurobehavioral and Neuroanatomic Correlates of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure: Problems of Dose and Confounding

Frank

Augustyn

Zuckerman

1998

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Complex methodologic challenges face researchers studying the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on infant outcome. These include unavoidable imprecision in ascertaining the gestational timing and dose of cocaine to which the fetus was exposed and difficulties in identifying and quantifying the confounding, mediating, and moderating variables. Review of research on neonatal behavioral and cranial ultrasound findings following in utero cocaine exposure is used to illustrate these issues. We conclude that there are measurable but not dramatic dose-related effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on infant central nervous system structure and function. The effects of dose of prenatal cocaine exposure on later child development remain to be determined. Such research would be facilitated by a scientific consensus delineating relative doses of prenatal cocaine exposure.

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“…Most results demonstrated either no cocaine effect, 12,13 or an effect in an area other than the motor domain. [14][15][16][17] One study 18 investigating the effects of prenatal exposure to several drugs reported that the duration of alcohol and marijuana exposure predicted BNBAS motor behavior at age 2 days, and duration of cocaine exposure predicted motor behavior at 28 days. Another study 19 found that although there were no differences at 1 to 3 days of age on the BNBAS, the motor cluster was the only domain of the BNBAS on which cocaine-exposed neonates did less well at days 11 to 30 than did a no-drug comparison group.…”

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confidence: 99%

Motor Development of Cocaine-exposed Children at Age Two Years

et al. 1999

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Objective-This article was designed to investigate effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on motor development of young children from a predominately underprivileged, urban population.Methodology-A total of 260 infants and young children were initially recruited from either the newborn nursery or the at-risk pediatric clinic of an urban teaching hospital. Prenatal history and birth outcomes were collected from medical records. Demographic characteristics and additional drug histories were obtained from the mothers. The 199 subjects (98 cocaine-exposed and 101 unexposed) who returned at age 2 years were assessed by examiners blinded to drug exposure status using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales.Results-Compared with control subjects, the cocaine-exposed group performed significantly less well on both the fine and the gross motor development indices. Mean scores for both groups were within the average range on the gross motor index, but greater than 1 standard deviation below average on the fine motor index. Differences were significant on the balance and the receipt and propulsion subscales of the gross motor scale, and on the hand use and the eye-hand coordination subscales of the fine motor scale. Cocaine status independently predicted poorer hand use and eye-hand coordination scores. There also was an effect of alcohol exposure on the receipt and propulsion subscale.Conclusions-Findings indicate that deficiencies in motor development remain detectable at 2 years of age in children exposed to drugs prenatally. Although other environmental variables may influence motor development, children exposed to cocaine and to alcohol in utero may encounter developmental challenges that impede later achievement.Although the recent epidemic of cocaine use may have subsided, 1,2 concerns about the development of many children exposed to cocaine in utero remain relevant. There are several possible mechanisms by which cocaine may damage the developing nervous system of the human fetus, 3 suggesting that neural functions associated with movement, such as those regulated by the hypothalamic and extrapyramidal systems, should be examined closely. Specific findings demonstrating a strong and explicit effect of fetal cocaine Copyright © 1999 exposure on infant development, however, have been difficult to confirm, in part because of numerous confounding factors. 4 In particular, many studies had small sample sizes and/or lacked control for the polydrug exposure that is commonly associated with cocaine exposure. Additionally, previous research frequently failed to consider other factors, such as amount of prenatal care, maternal education, and prematurity, that also have been shown to affect developmental outcome. 5,6 Numerous studies have focused on the neurobehavioral sequelae of prenatal cocaine exposure on newborns or young infants, many of which reported significant negative effects of cocaine exposure. Reviews of this literature, however, note several inconsistencies in the nature and extent of the deficits. 7,8 A...

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Intrauterine exposure to cocaine: Effect on neurobehavior of neonates

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Facial expressivity to acute pain in cocaine-exposed toddlers

Facial expressivity to acute pain in cocaine-exposed toddlers

Neonatal Neurobehavioral and Neuroanatomic Correlates of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure: Problems of Dose and Confounding

Motor Development of Cocaine-exposed Children at Age Two Years

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