Facial expressivity to acute pain in cocaine-exposed toddlers

Roumell, Neena; Wille, Diane E.; Abramson, Lauren; Delaney, Virginia

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0355(199723)18:3<274::aid-imhj4>3.0.co;2-n

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In addition to heritable influences, birth mother illicit drug use during pregnancy was negatively associated with child negative reactivity, such that children whose birth mothers used illicit drugs more frequently during pregnancy showed significantly lower levels of negative reactivity compared to their peers. Our findings are consistent with studies that have found low reactivity of prenatally drug-exposed children (Alessandri et al, 1993;Molitor et al, 2003;Roumell et al, 1997). There are, however, studies that have found high reactivity in children whose mothers used drugs while pregnant (Metosky & Vondra, 1995;Richardson, Goldschmidt, & Willford, 2008) which is not consistent with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Maternal illicit drug use during pregnancy, including cocaine, marijuana, and amphetamine (the most often studied illicit drugs), has been associated with reduced negative emotional reactivity in infants and toddlers (e.g., Alessandri et al, 1993;LaGasse et al, 2011;Molitor, Mayes, & Ward, 2003;Roumell, Wille, Abramson, & Delaney, 1997). For example, 18-monthold toddlers whose mothers used cocaine with or without marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco during pregnancy exhibited lower levels of negative emotions (e.g., anger, distress) after inoculation (Roumell et al, 1997) and showed less negative reactivity during a separation task (Molitor et al, 2003) compared to unexposed children. However, this finding of less reactivity in children whose mothers used illicit drugs while pregnant has not been consistently replicated across studies.…”

Section: Prenatal Influences In Explaining Child Effects On Parental mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child Effects on Parental Negativity: The Role of Heritable and Prenatal Factors

Liu

Chow

et al. 2020

Child Development

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This study examined two possible mechanisms, evocative gene–environment correlation and prenatal factors, in accounting for child effects on parental negativity. Participants included 561 children adopted at birth, and their adoptive parents and birth parents within a prospective longitudinal adoption study. Findings indicated child effects on parental negativity, such that toddlers’ negative reactivity at 18 months was positively associated with adoptive parents’ over‐reactive and hostile parenting at 27 months. Furthermore, we found that child effects on parental negativity were partially due to heritable (e.g., birth mother [BM] internalizing problems and substance use) and prenatal factors (e.g., BM illicit drug use during pregnancy) that influence children’s negative reactivity at 18 months. This study provides critical evidence for “child on parent” effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Prenatal Influences In Explaining Child Effects On Parental mentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Effects on Parental Negativity: The Role of Heritable and Prenatal Factors

Liu

Chow

et al. 2020

Child Development

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“…Additionally, effects of drug exposure might be expected for the socialemotional outcome. In contrast to studies that have employed growth or cognitive measures in early childhood, those employing measures related to problems of arousal, affect, or attention regulation in early infancy have been more consistent in finding associations with prenatal cocaine exposure (Alessandri, Sullivan, Imaizumi, & Lewis, 1993;Bard, Coles, Platzman, & Lynch, 2000;Coles, Bard, Platzman, & Lynch, 1999;Mayes, Bornstein, Chawarska, Haynes, & Granger, 1996;Roumell, Wille, Abramson, & Delaney, 1997). In so far as arousal, affect, and attention regulation are considered to be antecedents of self-regulation (Kopp, 1982;Ruff & Rothbart, 1996), problems in these areas would predict that cocaine-exposed toddlers have more social-emotional problems than their nonexposed counterparts at 2 years of age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Cocaine Exposure: A Comparison of 2‐Year‐Old Children in Parental and Nonparental Care

et al. 2004

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Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure and parental versus nonparental care on outcome at 2 years of age were examined. The sample included 83 cocaine-exposed and 63 nonexposed children and their caregivers; 49 and 34 of the cocaine-exposed children experienced parental and nonparental care, respectively. Prenatal drug exposure was not related directly to children's outcome at 2 years of age. However, compared with cocaine-exposed children in parental care, those in nonparental care experienced a more optimal environment and performed better in several developmental domains at 2 years of age in spite of being at greater neonatal risk. Further analyses suggested that this protective effect of nonparental care was in part due to nonkin rather than kin care.

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“…Emerging evidence suggests that prenatal cocaine exposure leads to an altered neurotransmitter system, activity, or receptor formation for all three monoaminergic systems (62). In a single study of acute pain responses in cocaine-exposed infants, Roumell et al (63) reported fewer discrete negative expressions of distress and anger and more sadness at 18 mo of age. Although this study did not control for maternal-infant interaction or the effects of the care-giving environment, and therefore may not reflect the direct effects of drug exposure per se, it might provide indirect evidence that altered prenatal 5HT levels are associated with subsequently altered pain reactivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Prenatal Psychotropic Medication Exposure Alters Neonatal Acute Pain Response

et al. 2002

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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and benzodiazepines are frequently used to treat maternal depression during pregnancy, however the effect of increased serotonin (5HT) and ␥-amino-butyric acid (GABA) agonists in the fetal human brain remains unknown. 5HT and GABA are active during fetal neurologic growth and play early roles in pain modulation, therefore, if prolonged prenatal exposure alters neurodevelopment this may become evident in altered neonatal pain responses. To examine biologic and behavioral effects of prenatal exposure, neonatal responses to acute pain (phenylketonuria heel lance) in infants with prolonged prenatal exposure were examined. Facial action (Neonatal Facial Coding System) and cardiac autonomic reactivity derived from the relationship between respiratory activity and short term variations of heart rate (HRV) were compared between 22 infants with SSRI exposure (SE) [fluoxetine (n ϭ 7), paroxetine (n ϭ 11), sertraline (n ϭ 4)]; 16 infants exposed to SSRIs and clonazepam (SEϩ) [paroxetine (n ϭ 14), fluoxetine (n ϭ 2)]; and 23 nonexposed infants during baseline, lance, and recovery periods of a heel lance. Length of maternal SSRI use did not vary significantly between exposure groups-[mean (range)] SE:SEϩ 183 (31-281):141 (54 -282) d (p Ͼ 0.05). Infants exposed to SE and SEϩ displayed significantly less facial activity to heel lance than control infants. Mean HR increased with lance, but was significantly lower in SE infants during recovery. Using measures of HRV and the transfer relationship between heart rate and respiration, SSRI infants had a greater return of parasympathetic cardiac modulation in the recovery period, whereas a sustained sympathetic response continued in the control group. Prolonged prenatal SSRI exposure appears to be associated with reduced behavioral pain responses and increased parasympathetic cardiac modulation in recovery following an acute neonatal noxious event. Possible 5HT-mediated pain inhibition, pharmacologic factors and the developmental course remain to be studied. (Pediatr Res 51: 443-453, 2002) Abbreviations 5HT, 5 hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) BZ, benzodiazepine C, control (nonexposed) infants DA, dopamine GABA, ␥-amino-butyric acid HFP, high-frequency power HRV, heart rate variability LFP, low-frequency power NE, norepinephrine NFCS, Neonatal Facial Coding System NICU, neonatal intensive care unit PKU, phenylketonuria RP, respiratory power RSA, respiratory sinus arrhythmia SE, SSRI-exposed infants SE؉, SSRI-and BZ-exposed infants SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Maternal anxiety and depression are frequently treated during pregnancy with psychotropic medications such as SSRIs and BZs (1). Given that all psychotropic medications diffuse easily across the placenta, clinicians caring for women with psychiatric illness during their pregnancies are faced with the difficult task of making recommendations regarding psychotropic medication use with unknown effects on the growing fetus. To date, none of these medications have been appr...

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Facial expressivity to acute pain in cocaine-exposed toddlers

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Child Effects on Parental Negativity: The Role of Heritable and Prenatal Factors

Child Effects on Parental Negativity: The Role of Heritable and Prenatal Factors

Prenatal Cocaine Exposure: A Comparison of 2‐Year‐Old Children in Parental and Nonparental Care

Prolonged Prenatal Psychotropic Medication Exposure Alters Neonatal Acute Pain Response

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