Intrauterine Malnutrition and the Brain: Effects on Enzymes and Free Amino Acids Related to Glutamate Metabolism

Prasad, C. Venkata Siva Rama; Agarwal, K. N.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb09970.x

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Wheat and/or legumes are the staple diets in India. Intrauterine malnutrition on these diets in rats affected fetal brain growth, proteins and neurotransmitters (29,30). To conclude, the findings of the present study suggest that chronic undernourished children of 10-12 years of age who had suffered undernutrition in utero or during the first year of life and continued in a state of undernutrition had poor cognitive functions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Impact of chronic undernutrition on higher mental functions in Indian boys aged 10–12 years

Agarwal

Upadhyay

1995

Acta Paediatrica

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Undernourished rural children 10-12 years of age demonstrated the following, when compared to normal nourished children: (i) a relative deficit of memory quotients assessed by the Wechsler memory scale; (ii) lower scores for abilities related to personal and current information, orientation, mental control, logical memory, digit span, visual reproduction and associative learning; (iii) impaired set formation and flexibility in attention as assessed by the card sorting test; and (iv) impairment in conditional learning on maze and conditional associative learning tests. The performance on the finger dexterity test for fine motor coordination was not affected in undernourished children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Impact of chronic undernutrition on higher mental functions in Indian boys aged 10–12 years

Agarwal

Upadhyay

1995

Acta Paediatrica

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“…b;Prasad and Agarwal, 1980;Agarwal ct aL 1980]. The results of the present study suggest that the enzyme activi ties and amino acid concentrations in the brain are directly related to the availability of amino acids from the food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…1969], Low quality dietary pro tein may lead to altered enzyme activities and free amino acid levels related to gluta mate metabolism in the developing rat brain [Prasad et al. 1979a, b;Prasad and Agarwal. 1980;Agarwal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Deprivation and the Brain: Effect on Enzymes and Free Amino Acids Related to Glutamate Metabolism in Rats

Agarwal¹,

Prasad²,

Taneja³

1981

Ann Nutr Metab

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6-week-old, female albino rats were fed one of three diets containing 5, 10 and 20% casein for a period of 15 days. Rats fed the low protein diet (5 % casein) lost weight (6.3 ± 0.7 g/week), whereas those on the two higher protein diets gained weight. The concentrations of protein and free amino nitrogen in the brain were significantly lower in those on the low protein diet (5% casein) compared to those on the high protein diet (20% casein). The activities of brain enzymes, glutamine synthetase, glutamine transferase, glutaminase I, glutamin-ase II and glutamate decarboxylase, and the concentrations of free amino acids, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine and GABA were also lower. The prospect for nutritional rehabilitation of rats fed the low protein diet appeared to be excellent and was illustrated by the reversal of the above changes after 15 days on the high protein diet. The diet containing 10% casein was sufficient for the normal production of enzymes and free amino acids related to glutamate metabolism.

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“…These alterations are irreversible particularly in fetal brain because the defect persists even after the rehabilitation. The changes are also specific to iron deficiency because in general protein calorie malnutrition, the effects are reversible (3,4,10,11).…”

Section: Indian Journal Of Clinical Biochemistry 2003mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of latent iron deficiency on GABA and glutamate neuroreceptors in rat brain

Mittal

Pandey²,

Mittal

et al. 2003

Indian J Clin Biochem

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Eight weeks of latent iron deficiency in weaned female rats of Sprague Dawley strain maintained on experimental low-iron diet (18-20 mg/kg) did not significantly change the gross bodyweight and tissue weights of brain and liver. Packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin concentration remained unaltered. However, non-heme iron content in liver and brain decreased significantly (p< 0.001 )o The activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) in brain decreased by 15%, 11.4% and 25.7% respectively. However, this decrease was not statistically significant. Binding of 3H Muscimol at pH 7.5 and 1 mg protein/assay increased by 143% (p< 0.001 ) in synaptic vesicular membranes from iron-deficient rats as compared to the controls. 3H glutamate binding to the synaptic vesicles was also carried out under similar condition. However, the L-glutamate binding was reduced by 63% in the vesicular membranes of iron deficient animals. These studies indicate that iron plays important functional role in both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors.

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Intrauterine Malnutrition and the Brain: Effects on Enzymes and Free Amino Acids Related to Glutamate Metabolism

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Impact of chronic undernutrition on higher mental functions in Indian boys aged 10–12 years

Impact of chronic undernutrition on higher mental functions in Indian boys aged 10–12 years

Protein Deprivation and the Brain: Effect on Enzymes and Free Amino Acids Related to Glutamate Metabolism in Rats

Effect of latent iron deficiency on GABA and glutamate neuroreceptors in rat brain

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