Intrinsic resistance of feline peritoneal macrophages to coronavirus infection correlates with in vivo virulence

Stoddart, Cheryl A.; Scott, F. W.

doi:10.1128/jvi.63.1.436-440.1989

Cited by 117 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These adherent cells had the morphology of macrophages, and the FIPV gene was detected in them by RT-PCR. The macrophage is one of the target cells of FIPV, and FIPV infection of macrophages is considered to be an important factor in the progression of FIP (Rottier et al, 2005;Stoddart and Scott, 1989). Thus, we speculate that FIPV-infected macrophages produce TNF-alpha, which induces apoptosis in lymphocytes, particularly CD8 + T cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A “possible” involvement of TNF-alpha in apoptosis induction in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cats with feline infectious peritonitis

Takano

Hohdatsu

Hashida

et al. 2007

Veterinary Microbiology

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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) cats show a decrease in peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, and a particularly marked decrease in T cells including CD4+ and CD8+ cells. In this study, we showed that lymphopenia observed in FIP cats was due to apoptosis, and that the ascitic fluid, plasma, and culture supernatant of peritoneal exudate cells (adherent cells with macrophage morphology, or PEC) from FIP cats readily induced apoptosis in specific pathogen-free cat peripheral blood mononuclear cells, particularly CD8+ cells. In addition, TNF-alpha released from macrophages and TNF-receptor (TNFR) 1 and TNFR2 mRNA expression in lymphocytes were closely involved in this apoptosis induction. In particular, in CD8+ cells cultured in the presence of the PEC culture supernatant, the expression levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 mRNA were increased, indicating that CD8+ cells are more susceptible to apoptosis induction by TNF-alpha than other lymphocyte subsets, particularly B cells (CD21+ cells). The results of this study suggest that TNF-alpha, produced by virus-infected macrophages, is responsible for induction of apoptosis in uninfected T cells, primarily CD8+ T cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A “possible” involvement of TNF-alpha in apoptosis induction in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cats with feline infectious peritonitis

Takano

Hohdatsu

Hashida

et al. 2007

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…Infection of monocytes and macrophages is considered as the most important pathogenetic event in FIP. The mutant virus has acquired a new tropism and replicates to high titers in monocytes and macrophages (Stoddart and Scott, 1989;Kipar et al, 1999). In vitro, the virulence of FCoV strains correlated with their ability to infect macrophages: avirulent FCoVs infected fewer cells and produced lower titers than virulent FCoVs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important event in FIP pathogenesis is the infection of monocytes and macrophages (Stoddart and Scott, 1989). Originally, it was thought that the avirulent FECVs would remain confined to the digestive tract and not spread beyond the intestinal epithelium and regional lymph nodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mRNA PCR for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis

Simons

Vennema

Rofina

et al. 2005

Journal of Virological Methods

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A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of feline coronavirus (FCoV) messenger RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is described. The assay is evaluated as a diagnostic test for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). It is based on a well-documented key event in the development of FIP: the replication of virulent FCoV mutants in monocytes/macrophages. To detect most feline coronavirus field strains, the test was designed to amplify subgenomic mRNA of the highly conserved M gene. The test was applied to 1075 feline blood samples (424 from healthy, 651 from sick cats suspected of FIP) and returned 46% of the diseased cats as positive for feline coronavirus mRNA in their peripheral blood cells; of the healthy cats, 5% tested positive. Of a group of 81 animals in which FIP had been confirmed by post-mortem examination, 75 (93%) tested positive, whereas 17 cats with different pathologies (non-FIP cases) all tested negative. In view of the low rate of false-positive results (high specificity) the mRNA RT-PCR may be a valuable addition to the diagnostic arsenal for FIP.

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“…Cats acquire the infection either through excreted virus from other FIPV-infected cats or through mutation of an endogenous enteric coronavirus (feline enteric coronavirus) that is ubiquitous and minimally pathogenic among cats (Vennema et al, 1995(Vennema et al, , 1998. The increased pathogenicity of FIPV, as compared to the feline enteric coronavirus (FCoV), may be related to an increased macrophage tropism of FIPV (Pedersen, 1987;Stoddart and Scott, 1989). Infection and replication of FIPV within macrophages allows rapid dissemination of the virus throughout the body (Pedersen, 1987;Weiss and Scott, 1981c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo cytokine response to experimental feline infectious peritonitis virus infection

Dean

Olivry

Stanton

et al. 2003

Veterinary Microbiology

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Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is a coronavirus that causes sporadic fatal disease in cats characterized by vasculitis, granulomatous inflammation and effusive pleuritis/peritonitis. Histologic changes in lymphoid tissues include lymphoid hyperplasia, lymphoid depletion, histiocytosis, and granuloma formation. Although viremia occurs, histologic lesions are not found uniformly throughout lymphoid tissues. We used experimental infection of cats with a highly pathogenic FIPV isolate, UCD8, to study histologic lesions, virus replication, and cytokine expression in multiple lymphoid tissues during the effusive phase of disease. Viral RNA was found in 76% of central tissues (mediastinal lymph node, spleen, mesenteric lymph node) examined, as compared to 27% of peripheral tissues (popliteal lymph node, cervical lymph node, femoral bone marrow). All tissues positive for virus replication also demonstrated lymphoid depletion. Generally, affected tissues had lower levels of IL-4 and IL-12-p40 mRNA and higher levels of IL-10 mRNA. Although no differences in IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha mRNA were measured, TNF-alpha protein expression was greater in affected tissues and demonstrated a shift in the source of TNF-alpha from macrophages to lymphocytes. Together, these results colocalize FIPV replication, lymphocyte depletion in tissues, and alterations in cytokine transcription and translation. A possible role for TNF-alpha in the previously described FIPV-induced lymphocyte apoptosis is also suggested.

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Intrinsic resistance of feline peritoneal macrophages to coronavirus infection correlates with in vivo virulence

Cited by 117 publications

References 24 publications

A “possible” involvement of TNF-alpha in apoptosis induction in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cats with feline infectious peritonitis

A “possible” involvement of TNF-alpha in apoptosis induction in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cats with feline infectious peritonitis

A mRNA PCR for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis

In vivo cytokine response to experimental feline infectious peritonitis virus infection

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