Introducing BECCS through HPC to the research agenda: The case of combined heat and power in Stockholm

Levihn, Fabian; Linde, Linus; Gustafsson, Kåre; Dahlén, Erik

doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2019.09.018

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…While CDR has the potential to cancel out future emissions, currently much CDR faces a number of uncertainties related to technological developments, economic considerations and public acceptance, meaning they are not a particularly attractive policy choice (Smith et al, 2015;Williamson, 2016;Bui et al, 2018;Fridahl and Lehtveer, 2018;Gough et al, 2018;Bellamy and Geden, 2019;Fridahl et al, 2020b). The moral hazard debate highlights the potential tradeoffs and the positive synergies between CDR and emission reductions, different CDR methods (Levihn et al, 2019;Fridahl et al, 2020b) and between CDR and the sustainable development goals, SDGs (IPCC, 2018(IPCC, , 2019Honegger et al, 2020). Understanding the nature and likelihood of such tradeoffs or synergies is important when examining the conditions for CDR deployment.…”

Section: Previous Literature: Key Dimensions Of Cdr In Long-term Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancel (Out) Emissions? The Envisaged Role of Carbon Dioxide Removal Technologies in Long-Term National Climate Strategies

et al. 2021

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Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) increasingly features in climate scenarios that hold global warming well below 2°C by 2100. Given the continuous gap between climate mitigation pledges and the emission pathways that are aligned with achieving the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement, we would expect countries to promote CDR in their long-term planning to achieve mid-century targets. Yet, countries may not consider it their responsibility to contribute to the global response to climate change using CDR. Thus, a study of the respective country's long-term climate plans is both timely and vital. Such a study could reveal the pledged collective ambition, the contribution of CDR to the pledged ambition, and how the envisaged role of CDR is described by the different countries. This paper explores the long-term low emission development strategies (LT-LEDS) of countries in order to map the role of CDR in addressing climate change. We also supplement our examination of strategies with the opinions of climate experts. Based on an inductive coding of the material and a literature review, the analytical focus of the analysis includes CDR targets and planning, types of CDR, barriers and opportunities to CDR implementation, as well as international cooperation. Our study of 25 national LT-LEDS submitted to the UN or to the EU, as well as 23 interviews with climate experts, shows that national plans for CDR vary substantially across countries and are generally lacking in detail. The findings also demonstrate that CDR is perceived to be necessary and desirable for achieving mid-century climate goals, but also reveal variation in the intended role of CDR. We use an interpretive approach to outline three possible visions of CDR in climate action: as a panacea, as a necessary fallback and as a chimera. We conclude by discussing what our findings of the envisaged roles of CDR in addressing climate change mean for climate governance. This research thereby contributes to the literature on governing CDR with new comprehensive insights into the long-term climate strategies of countries.

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Section: Previous Literature: Key Dimensions Of Cdr In Long-term Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancel (Out) Emissions? The Envisaged Role of Carbon Dioxide Removal Technologies in Long-Term National Climate Strategies

et al. 2021

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“…This is an argument that should also be applicable to enhanced weathering's compatibility with other types of photosynthesis-based NETs. Levihn et al [80] also highlight the potential for BECCS and biochar production to coexist, arguing that they 'do not cannibalize, but rather complement each other' (p. 1388) through their ability to utilise biomass for pyrolysis that is unsuitable for large-scale combustion.…”

Section: Non-rivalrous Complementary Negative Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One option for energy intensive NETs is to make use of excess mechanical or thermal energy through smart process integration. Levihn et al [80] demonstrate the importance of technical preconditions for BECCS deployment through integration in existing heat and electricity production systems, including the potential to use excess energy to capture carbon dioxide. Energy recovered from this process can be utilised in other ways, such as for district heating (a conclusion supported by other research [65]).…”

Section: Technical Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Indicators for a Negative Emissions Climate Stabilisation Index: Problems and Prospects

Fridahl

Hansson

Anshelm

2020

Climate

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The incongruence between the United Nations objective to hold global warming well below 2 °C and the rate of global emission reductions has intensified interest in negative emissions. Previous research has explored several pros and cons of individual negative emissions technologies. Systematised approaches to comparing and prioritising among them are, however, largely lacking. In response to this gap in the literature, this article reviews the scientific literature on indicators for designing negative emissions climate stabilisation value indexes. An index typically provides summary measures of several components, often denoted indicators. Utilizing a narrative review methodology, the article derives five categories of indicators underpinned by overlapping and often mutually reinforcing environmental and socio-economic values. A list of 21 indicators are proposed to capture both positive and negative values associated with effectiveness, efficiency, scale, risk, and synergies. While discussing indicators capable of providing guidance on negative emissions is timely, given the emerging shift away from pure emission reduction targets towards net-zero targets, numerous complexities are involved in determining their relative values. The results herein serve to inform policy making on the prioritisation and incentivisation of negative emissions technologies capable of delivering on the new objectives, and the results highlight the many risks and uncertainties involved in such exercises. The article concludes that systematic research on the comparison of NETs is incomplete. An iterative, interdisciplinary research programme exploring such questions has the potential to be extremely rewarding.

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“…Alternatively, accrued carbon debt would be transferred to other agents, such as wealthy—potentially non-EU—tech firms, with presumably low credit risk and a proclivity for mitigation technology 48 . For CDR suppliers 49 , 50 , CROs are the basis of a business case and, because negative emissions do not have to be delivered immediately, CROs simultaneously act as loans to finance development.…”

Section: Carbon Removal Obligationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operationalizing the net-negative carbon economy

Bednar

Obersteiner

Baklanov

et al. 2021

Nature

131

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The remaining carbon budget for limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius will probably be exhausted within this decade 1 , 2 . Carbon debt 3 generated thereafter will need to be compensated by net-negative emissions 4 . However, economic policy instruments to guarantee potentially very costly net carbon dioxide removal (CDR) have not yet been devised. Here we propose intertemporal instruments to provide the basis for widely applied carbon taxes and emission trading systems to finance a net-negative carbon economy 5 . We investigate an idealized market approach to incentivize the repayment of previously accrued carbon debt by establishing the responsibility of emitters for the net removal of carbon dioxide through ‘carbon removal obligations’ (CROs). Inherent risks, such as the risk of default by carbon debtors, are addressed by pricing atmospheric CO 2 storage through interest on carbon debt. In contrast to the prevailing literature on emission pathways, we find that interest payments for CROs induce substantially more-ambitious near-term decarbonization that is complemented by earlier and less-aggressive deployment of CDR. We conclude that CROs will need to become an integral part of the global climate policy mix if we are to ensure the viability of ambitious climate targets and an equitable distribution of mitigation efforts across generations.

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Introducing BECCS through HPC to the research agenda: The case of combined heat and power in Stockholm

Cited by 41 publications

References 32 publications

Cancel (Out) Emissions? The Envisaged Role of Carbon Dioxide Removal Technologies in Long-Term National Climate Strategies

Cancel (Out) Emissions? The Envisaged Role of Carbon Dioxide Removal Technologies in Long-Term National Climate Strategies

Towards Indicators for a Negative Emissions Climate Stabilisation Index: Problems and Prospects

Operationalizing the net-negative carbon economy

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