Introduction

Lanza, Robert; Chick, William L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60572-7_40

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

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“…-human pharmaceutical proteins (harvested from the milk of livestock) (11) -pig organs for xenotransplantation (34) -models for human genetic diseases (such as for cystic fibrosis) (…”

Section: Cloning For Transgenic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problemas y perspectivas de la clonación de animales

Dn¹

2005

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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An efficient animal cloning technology would provide many new opportunities for livestock agriculture, human medicine, and animal conservation. Nuclear cloning involves the production of animals that are genetically identical to the donor cells used in a technique known as nuclear transfer (NT). However, at present it is an inefficient process: in cattle, only around 6% of the embryos transferred to the reproductive tracts of recipient cows result in healthy, longterm surviving clones. Of concern are the high losses throughout gestation, during birth and in the post-natal period through to adulthood. Many of the pregnancy losses relate to failure of the placenta to develop and function correctly. Placental dysfunction may also have an adverse influence on postnatal health. These anomalies are probably due to incorrect epigenetic reprogramming of the donor genome following NT, leading to inappropriate patterns of gene expression during the development of clones. Whilst some physiological tests on surviving clones suggest normality, other reports indicate a variety of post-natal clone-associated abnormalities. This variability in outcome may reflect species-specific and/or cloning methodological differences. Importantly, to date it appears that these clone-associated phenotypes are not transmitted to offspring following sexual reproduction. This indicates that they represent epigenetic errors, rather than genetic errors, which are corrected during gametogenesis. Whilst this needs confirmation at the molecular level, it provides initial confidence in the first application of NT in agriculture, namely, the production of small numbers of cloned sires from genetically elite bulls, for natural mating, to effectively disseminate genetic gain. In addition to the animal welfare concerns with the technology, the underlying health of the animals and the consequential effect on food safety are critical aspects that require investigation to gain regulatory and consumer acceptance. Future improvements in animal cloning will largely arise from a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms of reprogramming.

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“…-human pharmaceutical proteins (harvested from the milk of livestock) (11) -pig organs for xenotransplantation (34) -models for human genetic diseases (such as for cystic fibrosis) (…”

Section: Cloning For Transgenic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problemas y perspectivas de la clonación de animales

Dn¹

2005

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Clinical Islet Transplantation: A Review

Oberholzer

Triponez

Lou

et al. 1999

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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For decades, the inability of insulin therapy to physiologically control glycemia in type I diabetic patients has motivated the search for insulin-delivering grafts. Islet autotransplantation is such a therapeutic approach to prevent diabetes mellitus following a major pancreatectomy, whereas allotransplantation is generally prescribed for type I diabetic patients with a functional solid organ graft, or for patients awaiting one. As of today, over 150 patients have been autotransplanted world-wide, following total or subtotal pancreatectomy, permitting an insulin-independence in nearly 40% of patients. Furthermore, more than 350 islet allotransplantations have been performed. Recent results show improved metabolic control in over 50% of cases and insulin-independence in approximately 20%. This chapter presents a literature review including preliminary human islet transplantation data from the University of Geneva.

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β Cell Replacement for the Treatment of Diabetes

Oberholzer

Toso

Ris

et al. 2001

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The replacement of insulin‐producing β cells by islet transplantation can efficiently reverse diabetes. The recent improvements in clinical results were made possible by transplanting higher islet masses and through the introduction of new immunosuppressive protocols that avoid diabetogenicity. The need for alternatives to continuous immunosuppression, and an unlimited source of glucose‐sensitive, insulin‐secreting tissue, is emerging. In this review we discuss the various key steps in islet transplantation and offer perspectives for future developments in the replacement of insulin‐producing β cells for the treatment of type I diabetes.

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Introduction

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Problemas y perspectivas de la clonación de animales

Problemas y perspectivas de la clonación de animales

Clinical Islet Transplantation: A Review

β Cell Replacement for the Treatment of Diabetes

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