Introduction of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine and Trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine/Bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine Switch in the African Region

Tévi-Bénissan, Carol; Okeibunor, Joseph; Châtellier, Gaël Maufras du; Assefa, Afework; Biey, Joseph Nsiari-Muzenyi; Cheikh, Dah; Eshetu, Messeret; Anya, Blanche-Philomene Melanga; Dao, Halima; Yusuf, Nasir; Akanmori, Bartholomew D.; Mihigo, Richard

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw616

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To achieve and sustain a polio-free world, WHO recommended the introduction of at least one dose of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) given in addition to the oral polio vaccine (OPV). IPV is a systemic immunity booster that eliminates the risk of paralytic polio and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus-cVDPV, which exist with OPV ( Tevi-Benissan et al., 2017) . Countries are expected to shift to IPV-only schedules; the double vaccine process is expected to finish by the end of 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with the utilization of inactivated polio vaccine among children aged 12 to 23 months in Kalungu District, Uganda

Faith

Juliet

Tumuhamye

et al. 2020

Health Policy and Planning

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Uganda officially introduced the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in May 2016 as part of the polio eradication strategy and integrated it into its routine immunization programme in addition to the oral polio vaccine. The current coverage stands at 60% as of July 2017. We therefore aimed to determine factors associated with the uptake of IPV among children in Kalungu District so as to inform the implementation of the vaccine policy. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among caregivers of 406 eligible children aged 12–23 months through multi-stage systematic sampling and a standardized semi-structured questionnaire. Nine key informant interviews were conducted through purposive selection of health care providers and members of Village Health Teams (VHTs) based on their expertize. Modified Poisson regression and thematic content analysis were used to determine factors significant to IPV uptake among children. 71% of sampled children aged 12–23 months had received IPV in Kalungu District. The survey found that being encouraged by health workers and VHTs was significant to children’s uptake of IPV (Adjusted PR 1.24, 95% CI; 1.22–3.47). Distance to the immunization point (Adjusted PR 0.32,95% CI; 0.16–0.62) and caregiver’s education level (Adjusted PR 1.16,95% CI; 1.05–2.22) were also associated with IPV uptake. Qualitative findings from health workers and VHT members further confirmed the perception that distance to the immunization post was important, and VHTs also stated that being encouraged by health workers was critical to IPV uptake. The current prevalence of IPV uptake among children aged 12–23 months in Kalungu is 71%, higher than the last reported national coverage (60%), though still below the recommended national coverage of 95%. Efforts should be focused on sensitization of caregivers through health workers and VHTs. Immunization outreach should be strengthened so as to bring services closer to patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with the utilization of inactivated polio vaccine among children aged 12 to 23 months in Kalungu District, Uganda

Faith

Juliet

Tumuhamye

et al. 2020

Health Policy and Planning

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“…mortality rates, transmission), while monitoring of intervention activities and their effectiveness would help to reduce operational uncertainty (e.g. [38]). Our EVPI analysis also shows that the overall value of information increases with increasing budget availability, suggesting that such new information collection could be especially beneficial under high or unlimited budget conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent assessment of epidemiological and operational uncertainties for optimal outbreak control: Ebola as a case study

Ferrari

Bjørnstad

et al. 2019

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Determining how best to manage an infectious disease outbreak may be hindered by both epidemiological uncertainty (i.e. about epidemiological processes) and operational uncertainty (i.e. about the effectiveness of candidate interventions). However, these two uncertainties are rarely addressed concurrently in epidemic studies. We present an approach to simultaneously address both sources of uncertainty, to elucidate which source most impedes decision-making. In the case of the 2014 West African Ebola outbreak, epidemiological uncertainty is represented by a large ensemble of published models. Operational uncertainty about three classes of interventions is assessed for a wide range of potential intervention effectiveness. We ranked each intervention by caseload reduction in each model, initially assuming an unlimited budget as a counterfactual. We then assessed the influence of three candidate cost functions relating intervention effectiveness and cost for different budget levels. The improvement in management outcomes to be gained by resolving uncertainty is generally high in this study; appropriate information gain could reduce expected caseload by more than 50%. The ranking of interventions is jointly determined by the underlying epidemiological process, the effectiveness of the interventions and the size of the budget. An epidemiologically effective intervention might not be optimal if its costs outweigh its epidemiological benefit. Under higher-budget conditions, resolution of epidemiological uncertainty is most valuable. When budgets are tight, however, operational and epidemiological uncertainty are equally important. Overall, our study demonstrates that significant reductions in caseload could result from a careful examination of both epidemiological and operational uncertainties within the same modelling structure. This approach can be applied to decision-making for the management of other diseases for which multiple models and multiple interventions are available.

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“…To decrease the risk for cVDPV2, a globally synchronized switch from tOPV to bivalent OPV (bOPV, containing serotypes 1 and 3) occurred in April 2016 ( 8 ). Injectable inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV, containing serotypes 1, 2, and 3) was introduced into all OPV-using countries to provide individual protection from type 2 poliovirus paralysis ( 9 ). Both vaccines confer individual protection; however, IPV does not decrease fecal poliovirus shedding among children with infection, whereas OPV induces intestinal immunity and prevents shedding.…”

Section: Cvdpv2 Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication — Nigeria, January 2018–May 2019

Adamu¹,

Archer²,

Braka³

et al. 2019

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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Introduction of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine and Trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine/Bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine Switch in the African Region

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Factors associated with the utilization of inactivated polio vaccine among children aged 12 to 23 months in Kalungu District, Uganda

Factors associated with the utilization of inactivated polio vaccine among children aged 12 to 23 months in Kalungu District, Uganda

Concurrent assessment of epidemiological and operational uncertainties for optimal outbreak control: Ebola as a case study

Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication — Nigeria, January 2018–May 2019

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