Introduction to drug-induced liver injury

Chan, Esther Wai Yin; Zhao, Jiaxi; Chan, Jacky C.H.; Zhang, Cheng; Feng, Yi Bin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-98368-6.00011-2

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In this work, we selected 17 indices (Table 1) for the analysis of climatology and trends in the drainage area of the Belo Monte HPP. The RClimDex software (Zhang et al ., 2018) was used to calculate these indicators.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive analysis of observed and projected climate extremes of temperature and precipitation in Belo Monte Hydropower Plant ‐ eastern Amazon, Brazil

Silva

Regoto

Vasconcellos

et al. 2022

Intl Journal of Climatology

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In this work, the climatology, observed trends, and future projections of temperature and precipitation extremes are analysed in the drainage area of the Belo Monte Hydropower Plant in the Xingu River basin. Observed data come from gridded information for the period 1980-2013. The climate projections until the end of the 21st century are provided by the regional climate model Eta-20 km nested to the global climate model MIROC5. Seventeen climate indicators were selected for this assessment, and statistical tests were used to evaluate the significance and magnitude of trends. A tropical climate predominates in the whole basin but with differences in the climatology of extreme temperature. The average annual rainfall (PRCPTOT) presents values between 1,500 and 2,200 mm. Remarkable contrasts of consecutive dry days (CDD) can also be seen. We found a warming signal during the examined period in much of the Xingu River basin, with an increase in the frequency of extremely warm days and nights. In the northern (south-central) area of the basin, there is an increase (reduction) in precipitation. There is a contrasted and local distribution of detected trends in all climate extremes indices related to rainfall. CDD has displayed a considerable elevation in the south-central area over the last decades. The study area exhibits statistically significant warming projections to the future climate. As for the precipitation projections, future changes are toward a dryer climate. We also found that dry periods may last longer in the following decades. Thus, heatwaves can be excited by subsequent days without precipitation in the basin in the future climate. The impacts of climate change on the balance of different environmental and socioeconomic sectors in this area must be wholly investigated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive analysis of observed and projected climate extremes of temperature and precipitation in Belo Monte Hydropower Plant ‐ eastern Amazon, Brazil

Silva

Regoto

Vasconcellos

et al. 2022

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Quality control of the climate data, which includes managing errors and outliers, was carried out using the RClimDex [49]. Errors in the climate data, such as negative rainfall values and maximum temperatures less than minimum temperatures and outliers, were corrected using the nearby stations.…”

Section: In Situ Climate Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daily observed , raw, and bias-corrected RCM simulations of historical and future (2071-2100) rainfall were used to calculate the extreme rainfall indices. The R built-in interface, i.e., the RClimDex 1.1 [49], was used to detect indices of rainfall and temperature extremes. Eventually, we analyzed the change in extreme rainfall indices with and without bias correction in the historical and future RCM simulations.…”

Section: Future Rainfall and Temperature Extremes Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Impact of Statistical Bias Correction on Climate Change Signal and Extreme Indices in the Jemma Sub-Basin of Blue Nile Basin

2023

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This study evaluates the effect of the statistical bias correction techniques of distribution mapping and linear scaling on climate change signals and extreme rainfall indices under different climate change scenarios in the Jemma sub-basin of the Upper Blue Nile Basin. The mean, cumulative distribution function (CDF), mean absolute error (MAE), probability of wet days (Prwet (%)), and 90th percentile (X90 (mm)) of observed rainfall and the regional climate model (RCM) simulations of rainfall with and without statistical bias correction were compared with the historical climate (1981–2005). For future (2071–2100) climate scenarios, the change in climate signal and extreme rainfall indices in the RCM simulations with and without bias correction were also evaluated using different statistical metrics. The result showed that the statistical bias correction techniques effectively adjusted the mean annual and monthly RCM simulations of rainfall to the observed rainfall. However, distribution mapping is effective and better than linear scaling for adjusting the probability of wet days and the 90th percentile of RCM simulations. In future climate scenarios, RCM simulations showed an increase in rainfall. However, the statistically bias-adjusted RCM outputs revealed a decrease in rainfall, which indicated that the statistical bias correction techniques triggered a change in climate signal. Statistical bias correction methods also result in changes in the extreme rainfall indices, such as frequency of wet days (R1mm), number of heavy precipitation days (R10mm), number of very heavy rainfall days (R20mm), and other intensity and frequency indices.

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“…Sebaran lokasi penelitianPerhitungan nilai IIE dilakukan per tahun pada setiap lokasi penelitian menggunakan perangkat lunak RClimDex. Perangkat ini menyediakan perhitungan IIE yang direkomendasikan oleh ETCCDI[13]. Perangkat lunak RClimDex telah digunakan pada penelitian sebelumnya[14].…”

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Analisis Nilai Indeks Iklim Ekstrem Periode Tahun 1990-2019 Di Kalimantan Barat

Ariyani,

Muliadi,

Adriat

2021

Prism. Fis.

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Sebagai bencana yang paling banyak terjadi di Kalimantan Barat periode tahun 1998-2021, banjir dapat dipicu oleh hujan ekstrem. Informasi variasi hujan ekstrem diperlukan untuk mendukung mitigasi bencana hidrometeorologi. Hujan ekstrem dapat diidentifikasi menggunakan indeks iklim ekstrem (IIE) parameter hujan. Oleh sebab itu tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis variasi antar tahunan hujan ekstrem berdasarkan lima jenis nilai IIE di Kalimantan Barat. Data yang digunakan adalah data curah hujan harian periode tahun 1990-2019 pada 14 lokasi di Kalimantan Barat. Nilai IIE dihitung menggunakan perangkat lunak RClimDex. Hasil penelitian pada sebagian besar lokasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks RX5DAY, RX1DAY, dan R50 mengalami kecenderungan meningkat, sedangkan indeks CDD cenderung menurun. Nilai indeks RX5DAY maksimum sebesar 634 mm terjadi di Paloh dan minimum sebesar 92 mm terjadi di Karangan. Nilai indeks RX1DAY maksimum sebesar 384 mm terjadi di Selakau dan minimum sebesar 38 mm terjadi di Sanggau Ledo. Nilai indeks R50 maksimum sebesar 31 hari terjadi di Karangan dan Nanga Pinoh, sedangkan nilai indeks minimum sebesar nol hari terjadi di Karangan, Sanggau Ledo, dan Nanga Pinoh. Nilai indeks CDD maksimum sebesar 76 hari terjadi di Simpang Hulu dan minimum sebesar lima hari terjadi di Bengkayang, Nanga Pinoh, dan Sintang. Lalu untuk Nilai indeks PRCPTOT maksimum sebesar 4.957 mm terjadi di Nanga Pinoh dan minimum sebesar 1.073 mm terjadi di Karangan.

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Introduction to drug-induced liver injury

Cited by 3 publications

References 65 publications

A comprehensive analysis of observed and projected climate extremes of temperature and precipitation in Belo Monte Hydropower Plant ‐ eastern Amazon, Brazil

A comprehensive analysis of observed and projected climate extremes of temperature and precipitation in Belo Monte Hydropower Plant ‐ eastern Amazon, Brazil

Evaluating the Impact of Statistical Bias Correction on Climate Change Signal and Extreme Indices in the Jemma Sub-Basin of Blue Nile Basin

Analisis Nilai Indeks Iklim Ekstrem Periode Tahun 1990-2019 Di Kalimantan Barat

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