Introduction to Supercapacitors

Sinha, Prerna; Kar, Kamal K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52359-6_1

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…On the other hand, supercapacitors generally exhibit intermediate energy densities between rechargeable batteries and conventional double plate capacitors, and so are currently best suited for applications requiring short bursts of high power. These include hybrid transportation, regenerative breaking, portable and wearable electronics, and medical applications ( Sinha and Kar, 2020 ).…”

Section: Supercapacitors and The Allure Of Diamondmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optimization of E and P densities relies on an electrode material with a large specific surface area (SSA), high porosity, high stability and conductivity. One must also consider the choice of electrolyte, with high conductivity, ion sizes that match the electrode pore sizes, and a wide electrochemical potential window ( Sinha and Kar, 2020 ; Yu et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Supercapacitors and The Allure Of Diamondmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diamond Supercapacitors: Towards Durable, Safe, and Biocompatible Aqueous-Based Energy Storage

et al. 2022

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Durable and safe energy storage is required for the next generation of miniature bioelectronic devices, in which aqueous electrolytes are preferred due to the advantages in safety, low cost, and high conductivity. While rechargeable aqueous batteries are among the primary choices with relatively low power requirements, their lifetime is generally limited to a few thousand charging/discharging cycles as the electrode material can degrade due to electrochemical reactions. Electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) possess increased cycling stability and power density, although with as-yet lower energy density, due to quick electrical adsorption and desorption of ions without involving chemical reactions. However, in aqueous solution, chemical reactions which cause electrode degradation and produce hazardous species can occur when the voltage is increased beyond its operation window to improve the energy density. Diamond is a durable and biocompatible electrode material for supercapacitors, while at the same time provides a larger voltage window in biological environments. For applications requiring higher energy density, diamond-based pseudocapacitors (PCs) have also been developed, which combine EDLCs with fast electrochemical reactions. Here we inspect the properties of diamond-related materials and discuss their advantages and disadvantages when used as EDLC and PC materials. We argue that further optimization of the diamond surface chemistry and morphology, guided by computational modelling of the interface, can lead to supercapacitors with enhanced performance. We envisage that such diamond-based supercapacitors could be used in a wide range of applications and in particular those requiring high performance in biomedical applications.

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Section: Supercapacitors and The Allure Of Diamondmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supercapacitors and The Allure Of Diamondmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond Supercapacitors: Towards Durable, Safe, and Biocompatible Aqueous-Based Energy Storage

et al. 2022

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“…Supercapacitors store energy by electrostatic absorption/desorption and/or quick Faradaic mechanisms at the electrode–electrolyte interface, in contrast to the slow reversible electrochemical reaction-induced high-energy-density rechargeable batteries. Supercapacitors are mostly used in wearable and portable electronics, hybrid vehicles, regenerative braking, and medicinal applications . Various sp 2 -hybridized carbon allotropes such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene have been explored extensively for supercapacitor applications with an aim to utilize their large specific surface area, porous nature, high electrical conductivity, good charge transport capability, and high electrolyte accessibility. − However, the limitations of CNTs and graphene are the lack of solubility in aqueous media, suboptimal stability, inducing defects during exfoliation (mostly in graphene), and being extremely expensive for mass production. , Recently, boron- or nitrogen-doped conductive diamond demonstrated a large electrochemical potential window of up to 3.5 V in the aqueous electrolyte to enable greater operation voltages, and they have been favorably considered as a supercapacitor electrode material. , The rigidity of diamond prevents it from being used in circumstances that call for mechanical flexibility, but its great endurance and biocompatibility offer advantages over other supercapacitor materials for long-term applications, i.e., chronic biosensing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stable Electrochemical Supercapacitor Performance of Self-Assembled Ferromagnetic Q-Carbon

Karmakar

Taqy

Droopad

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Novel phase Q-carbon thin films exhibit some intriguing features and have been explored for various potential applications. Herein, we report the growth of different Q-carbon structures (i.e., filaments, clusters, and microdots) by varying the laser energy density from 0.5 to 1.0 J/cm 2 during pulsed laser annealing of amorphous diamond-like carbon films with different sp 3 −sp 2 carbon compositions. These unique nano-and microstructures of Q-carbon demonstrate exceptionally stable electrochemical performance by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charging−discharging, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for energy applications. The temperature-dependent magnetic studies (magnetization vs magnetic field and temperature) reveal the ferromagnetic nature of the Qcarbon microdots. The saturation magnetization and coercive field values decrease from 132 to 14 emu/cc and 155 to 92 Oe by increasing the temperature from 2 to 300 K, respectively. The electrochemical performances of Q-carbon filament, cluster, and microdot thin-film supercapacitors were investigated by twoelectrode configurations, and the highest areal specific capacitance of ∼156 mF/cm 2 was observed at a current density of 0.15 mA/ cm 2 in the Q-carbon microdot thin film. The Q-carbon microdot electrodes demonstrate an exceptional capacitance retention performance of ∼97.2% and Coulombic efficiency of ∼96.5% after 3000 cycles due to their expectational reversibility in the charging−discharging process. The kinetic feature of the ion diffusion associated with the charge storage property is also investigated, and small changes in equivalent series resistance of ∼9.5% and contact resistance of ∼9.1% confirm outstanding stability with active charge kinetics during the stability test. A high areal power density of ∼5.84 W/cm 2 was obtained at an areal energy density of ∼0.058 W h/cm 2 for the Q-carbon microdot structure. The theoretical quantum capacitance was obtained at ∼400 mF/ cm 2 by density functional theory calculation, which gives an idea about the overall capacitance value. The obtained areal specific capacitance, power density, and impressive long-term cyclic stability of Q-carbon thin-film microdot electrodes endorse substantial promise in high-performance supercapacitor applications.

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“…17 The electrochemical performance of SCs is strongly dependent on the electrode materials. 18 An ideal SC electrode should possess the following criteria: high SSA, controlled porosity, high electrical conductivity, high thermal and chemical stability, environmental friendliness, and low cost. [18][19] Gn, a carbon-based material with a honeycomb monolayer structure, represents a promising candidate as the electrode material for SCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 An ideal SC electrode should possess the following criteria: high SSA, controlled porosity, high electrical conductivity, high thermal and chemical stability, environmental friendliness, and low cost. [18][19] Gn, a carbon-based material with a honeycomb monolayer structure, represents a promising candidate as the electrode material for SCs. [20][21] Gn consists of all-sp 2hybridized carbon, contributing to its electron delocalization and high thermal and electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends on the Development of Hybrid Supercapacitor Electrodes from the Combination of Graphene and Polyaniline

Santoso

Aliwarga²,

Laysandra

et al. 2022

Fine Chemical Engineering

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The high demand for efficient energy devices leads to the rapid development of energy storage systems with excellent electrochemical properties, such as long life cycles, high cycling stability, and high power density. SC is postulated as a potential candidate to fulfill this demand. The combination of graphene and polyaniline can create SC electrodes with excellent electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, and high capacitance. The graphene/polyaniline hybrid electrodes represent an attractive means to overcome the major drawbacks of graphene or polyaniline non-hybrid (single) electrode materials. In this review article, the trend in the development of various graphene/polyaniline hybrid electrodes is summarized, which includes the zero-dimension graphene-quantum-dots/polyaniline hybrid, one-dimension graphene/polyaniline hybrid, two-dimension graphene/polyaniline hybrid, and three-dimension hydrogel-shaped graphene/polyaniline hybrid. Several strategies and approaches to enhance the capacitance value and cycling stability of graphene/polyaniline hybrid electrodes are discussed in this review article, such as the addition of transition metal oxides and metal-organic frameworks, and modification of graphene into functionalized-graphene. The performance of the electrodes prepared from the combination of graphene with other conducting polymers (i.e., polypyrrole, polythiophene, and polythiophene-derivatives) is also discussed.

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Introduction to Supercapacitors

Cited by 32 publications

References 84 publications

Diamond Supercapacitors: Towards Durable, Safe, and Biocompatible Aqueous-Based Energy Storage

Diamond Supercapacitors: Towards Durable, Safe, and Biocompatible Aqueous-Based Energy Storage

Highly Stable Electrochemical Supercapacitor Performance of Self-Assembled Ferromagnetic Q-Carbon

Trends on the Development of Hybrid Supercapacitor Electrodes from the Combination of Graphene and Polyaniline

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