Intumescent foams—A novel flame retardant system for flexible polyurethane foams

Abstract

A combination of intumescent components was evaluated as a novel flame retardant system in a flexible polyurethane foam, and the incorporation of these components gave rise to a significant enhancement of the flame retardant properties of the foam. The heat release rate was lowered at an early stage as well as throughout the fire, the total heat production was decreased and the time to ignition was prolonged. Mechanical measurements of the foam revealed enhanced properties in terms of stiffness accompanied by a large decrease in elongation at break as compared with a reference foam.

Intumescence: Tradition versus novelty. A comprehensive review

“…IFR composed of APP/polyols/melamine was reported to be more efficient than tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) in PU foam [309]. In term of HRR during combustion, PU foam with 5 pphp intumescent additives had the similar flame retardancy to that with 12 pphp TCPP.…”

Polyurethane flexible foam fire resisting by melamine and expandable graphite: Industrial approach

“…These are the driving force behind the development of a novel flame retardant (FR) system for such foams. 4 In this work, we are going to study the fire properties of polyurethane flexible foam used in Air industry, such as, burned time, damaged length, dripping time, smoke density, and toxic gas generation, by using two types of solid halogen-free FR and comparing their performance against fire and processing. Two grades of expandable graphite (EG) as an intumescent FR with different sizes and expansion factors and one grade of melamine powder have been used.…”

Intrinsic flame resistance of polyurethane flexible foams: Unexpectedly low flammability without any flame retardant

“…The commercially most common and scientifically most studied PUR‐FFs consist of polyether polyols and the diisocyanate toluene diisocyanate (TDI), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) or polymeric MDI types. The reported flammability of virgin TDI‐based PUR‐FFs are as follows: limiting oxygen index (LOI) results in the range of 17.0 O 2 % to 20.5 O 2 %, underwriter laboratories 94 (UL94) with horizontal burning test failed, BS 5852‐Crib ignition source 5 test failed, California Technical Bulletin 117 test failed, and ignition in cone calorimeter tests within 15 seconds . The recorded flammability of virgin MDI‐PUR‐FFs are LOI results in the range of 17.0 O 2 % to 21.3 O 2 %, UL94 test failed, BS 5852‐Crib ignition source 5 test failed, and ignition in the cone calorimeter test within 16 seconds .…”