Inventory of Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes sp.) and Its Existence in North Sumatra Indonesia

Abstract

Nepenthes sp. is a carnivorous plant with unique shape and color shades. This unique plant has a special leaf modification called a pitcher which has the capability in catching insects and small animals. The purpose of this research was to know the types and habitat of Nepenthes sp. that found in six regencies in North Sumatra. The pitcher plants inventoried from South Tapanuli, Central Tapanuli, Humbanghasundutan, Toba Samosir, Dairi and Samosir regency in North Sumatra. The research type and method were conducted by descriptive qualitative and survey method research. The morphology data of Nepenthes sp. used to identify the types of Nepenthes sp. in North Sumatra. Inventory result of Nepenthes sp. from six regency showed that there were five original species in North Sumatra namely Nepenthes tobaica, Nepenthes gracilis, Nepenthes ampullaria, Nepenthes eustachya, Nepenthes rhombicaulis and one natural hybrid species Nepenthes reinwardtiana x spectabilis. Nepenthes tobaica, Nepenthes gracilis had upper and lower pitchers while Nepenthes ampullaria, Nepenthes eustachya, Nepenthes rhombicaulis and Nepenthes reinwardtiana x spectabilis just had an upper or lower pitcher. All species lived in low or high lands and most of them found in peat area, high humidity, and high light intensity.

Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia

“…The temperature factor affects the growth of Nepenthes. According to Nainggolan et al (2020) a good air temperature for N. tobaica, N. ampullaria, N. gracilis, N. rhombicaulis, N. eustachya, N. reinwardtiana x spectabilis is 20-32 o C. This research found that the air temperature in the Batu Lubang Sibolga area ranges from 22-25 o C; this means that the temperature in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area is the optimal temperature for N. gracilis and N. eustachya growth. On the other hand, soil pH is also an environmental factor that affects Nepenthes' growth.…”

“…Nepenthes generally grows in fairly high humidity. According to Handayani (2017), good humidity for the growth of Nepenthes is 34-80%, whereas according to Nainggolan et al (2020), optimal humidity for Nepenthes is 67-90%. In this study, the humidity in the Batu Lubang Sibolga area ranges from 90-93%.…”

“…This location's temperature and humidity conditions are within the normal range of growth of Nepenthes. Nainggolan et al (2020) stated that Nepenthes could live in an air temperature range of 20-32 o C and air humidity ranging from 67-93%. Rizki et al (2021) also revealed that Nepenthes lives at an air temperature of 28-38 o C and an air humidity of 62-98%.…”

Arthropods discovered in lower and upper pitchers of Nepenthes at Rampa-Sitahuis Hill, North Sumatra, Indonesia

“…Nepenthes is a member of the Nepenthaceae family. Diverse arthropod groups have been observed trapped in their pitchers on numerous occasions (Bauer et al 2015;Biswal et al 2018;Hidayat et al 2018;Rizqiani et al 2018;Setiawan et al 2018;Nainggolan et al 2020). Extrafloral nectarine glands on Nepenthes provide a scent that draws arthropods to the pitcher's lip (Bonhomme et al 2011;Gorb et al 2013;Schwallier et al 2020).…”

PROPAGATION OF PITCHER PLANTS (Nepenthes gracilis KORTH. AND Nepenthes reinwardtiana MIQ.) THROUGH CALLUS INDUCTION

“…The pitcher plant belongs to the carnivorous plant family (Nepenthaceae) with the highest number of species, a dioecious plant, a woody or climbing plant, and a terrestrial or epiphytic plant. The plants can live in the lowlands and highlands (Moran and Clarke, 2010;Gaume et al, 2016;Thorogood et al, 2018;Scharmann et al, 2019;Nainggolan et al, 2020). The pitcher plants have an exotic pitcher with various colors and shapes, which are the evolution of the leaves (Clarke, 1997;Selviana et al, 2018).…”