Investigating cavity pressure behavior in high-pressure RTM process variants

Rosenberg, Philipp; Chaudhari, Raman; Karcher, Michael; Henning, Frank; Elsner, Peter

doi:10.1063/1.4873822

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Rosenberg et al. 15 experimentally showed that the high injection pressure which increases the flow rate at the injection gate raises the probability of the occurrence of fibre washout at the beginning of resin injection process into the preform. In addition, the occurrence of fibre washout in HIPRTM also depends on the clamping force, which can be high when the injection pressure is as high as 30–40 bar and the planned fibre volume fraction is higher than 60%.…”

Section: Previous Work and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for fibre washout during high injection pressure resin transfer moulding

Correia¹,

Šimáček

Advani

2018

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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High injection pressure resin transfer moulding is a variant of resin transfer moulding in which the preform is compressed in a tool and resin is injected into the mould under very high pressure. The high injection pressure (>20 bar) introduces possible fibre washout that translates into manufacturing defects or causes inconsistencies in processing and leads to scatter in mechanical properties of composite parts. A model is presented which quantifies and provides insight into the influence of process variables such as clamping force and injection pressure on fibre washout distance (the one-dimensional model assumes a rigid preform). A generalised one-dimensional stress model for fibre washout is presented for regions that are impregnated with the resin and the regions that are dry. The model shows fibre washout to be significant at the beginning of the injection process. The model allows one to further refine the injection strategy by adjusting injection pressure to account for washout in high injection pressure resin transfer moulding.

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Section: Previous Work and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for fibre washout during high injection pressure resin transfer moulding

Correia¹,

Šimáček

Advani

2018

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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“…The carbon fiber‐reinforced composite prepared by the preferred resin formulation could be cured in 13 min at 120 °C, with the degree of cure over 95% and less defects. Rosenberg et al used an epoxy resin from Sika AG with the trade name Biresin CR 170 and amine hardener with the trade name Biresin CH 150‐3 for processing of High Pressure Resin Transfer Molding (HP‐RTM) laminates. The resin system could be cured in 5 min at 120 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing kinetics and mechanical properties of fast curing epoxy resins with isophorone diamine and N‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐imidazole

Zhao

Huang

Song

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Fast curing epoxy resins were prepared by the reactions of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with isophorone diamine (IPD) and N-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole (API), and their curing kinetics and mechanical properties influenced by IPD content were also investigated. The analysis of curing kinetics was based on the nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data with the typical Kissinger, Ozawa, and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa models, respectively. The glass-transition temperature was also measured by the same technique. Additionally, the mechanical properties including flexural, impact, and tensile performances were tested, and the curing time was estimated by isothermal DSC. The degree of cure (α) dependency of activation energy (E a ) revealed the complexity of curing reaction. Detailed analysis of the curing kinetics at the molecular level indicated that the dependence of E a on the α was a combined effect of addition reaction, autocatalytic reaction, viscosity, and steric hindrance. From the nonisothermal curves, the curing reaction mechanism could be proposed according to the increasingly obvious low temperature peaks generated by the addition reaction of epoxy group with the primary amines in API and IPD molecules. Using the preferred resin formulation, the resin system could be cured within 10 min at 120 C with a relatively good mechanical performance.

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“…The compression force leads to high cavity pressure in the mold. [9]. The HP-RTM consists of a high-pressure metering pump for precise flow control and a self-cleaning mixing head that has the advantages of high flow rates and short shot times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Based Real-Time Monitoring in the High-Pressure Resin Transfer Molding Process for CFRP

Kim

Hwang

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) is a material developed for its high strength and light weight in a broad variety of industries including aerospace, automotive, and leisure. Due to the rapid molding cycle time, high-pressure resin transfer molding (HP-RTM) processes are prone to molding defects and susceptible to various process variables such as the resin injection rate, pressure and temperature in the mold, vacuum, end-gap, pressing force, and binder. In recent years, process monitoring technology with various sensors has been applied to stabilize the HP-RTM process and control process variables. The field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based embedded monitoring system proposed in this study enabled high-speed real-time signal processing with multiple sensors, namely pressure, temperature, and linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), and proved feasibility in the field. In the HP-RTM process, the impregnation and curing of the resin were predicted from the cavity pressure and temperature variations during the injection and curing stages. In addition, the thickness of the CFRP specimen was deduced from the change in the end-gap through the detection of the LVDT signal. Therefore, the causes of molding defects were analyzed through process monitoring and the influence of molding defects on the molding quality of CFRP was investigated.

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Investigating cavity pressure behavior in high-pressure RTM process variants

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

A model for fibre washout during high injection pressure resin transfer moulding

A model for fibre washout during high injection pressure resin transfer moulding

Curing kinetics and mechanical properties of fast curing epoxy resins with isophorone diamine and N‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐imidazole

Embedded Based Real-Time Monitoring in the High-Pressure Resin Transfer Molding Process for CFRP

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