Investigating Implicit Gender Bias and Embodiment of White Males in Virtual Reality with Full Body Visuomotor Synchrony

Lopez, Sarah; Yang, Yi; Beltran, Kevin; Kim, Soo Jung; Hernandez, Jennifer Cruz; Simran, Chelsy; Yang, Bing; Yuksel, Beste F.

doi:10.1145/3290605.3300787

Cited by 58 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Similarly, Shute discussed how to embed questionnaires into games without disturbing the game flow [169]. These considerations With Q, not reported: [2, 15, 16, 20, 27, 30, 31, 33, 34, 38, 42, 43, 50-52, 54, 63, 67-70, 73-76, 86, 89, 90, 92, 93, 95, 101, 105-107, 109-111, 115, 117, 120,122,124-126,130-132,134,135,139-143,145,151,156,164,167,173, 174, 178-181, 184-186, 188, 190, 192, 193, 195, 199, 200, 204] OUTVRQS: [3,8,29,77,84,94,98,114,121,138,157,162,176,177,187,191,196,197] INVRQS: [6,28,37,44,55,66,85,100,108,127,148,[158][159][160]198] Without Q: [9,11,19,22,40,59,71,91,133,153,182,194,<...>…”

Section: Moving Between Virtual and Physical Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Design Choices of Questionnaires in VR User Studies

Alexandrovsky

Putze

Bonfert

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Questionnaires are among the most common research tools in virtual reality (VR) user studies. Transitioning from virtuality to reality for giving self-reports on VR experiences can lead to systematic biases. VR allows to embed questionnaires into the virtual environment which may ease participation and avoid biases. To provide a cohesive picture of methods and design choices for questionnaires in VR (INVRQ), we discuss 15 INVRQ studies from the literature and present a survey with 67 VR experts from academia and industry. Based on the outcomes, we conducted two user studies in which we tested different presentation and interaction methods of INVRQS and evaluated the usability and practicality of our design. We observed comparable completion times between INVRQS and questionnaires outside VR (OUTVRQS) with higher enjoyment but lower usability for INVRQS. These findings advocate the application of INVRQS and provide an overview of methods and considerations that lay the groundwork for INVRQ design.

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Section: Moving Between Virtual and Physical Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Design Choices of Questionnaires in VR User Studies

Alexandrovsky

Putze

Bonfert

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…Slater et al 4 showed that male participants can feel body ownership of a female virtual body, while Schulze et al 23 similarly found that participants were able to feel body ownership even if avatar gender did not match their gender. Lopez et al 24 determined that male participants who were embodied as female avatars had significantly higher implicit gender bias than participants embodied as male avatars. In our study, we hope to not only contribute more objective knowledge concerning Body and Mirror factors by capturing eye fixations and EDA, but by additionally examining potential main or interactions effects of participant gender within low‐budget virtual reality applications.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye fixations and electrodermal activity during low‐budget virtual reality embodiment

Krogmeier¹,

Mousas²

2020

Computer Animation & Virtual

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As motion-sensing devices become more accessible to consumers, it is important to understand how users experience embodiment when using these devices. In our 3 × 2 between-groups study, we explored eye fixations and electrodermal activity (EDA) in order to more objectively understand potential interaction effects between the self-avatar body, and the presence of a mirror within the context of low-budget embodiment. We developed six experimental conditions concerning Body (human, mannequin, and zombie self-avatars) and Mirror (mirror and no mirror) factors, and presented participants with a virtual environment in which they could control their self-avatars by using HTC Vive controllers and trackers. In addition to eye fixations and EDA, we assessed self-reported data concerning body ownership, agency, self-location, as well as enjoyment of the experience. Our results suggest that the Body may have been more influential in eliciting body ownership than the Mirror, and that an interaction effect between Gender and Body may influence eye gaze behavior. Additionally, female participants reported significantly higher agency than males. We consider logical next steps for similar research which might elaborate upon our findings.

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“…We propose that, as a technological innovation, VR delivered through diversity training in sport organizations or used as a recruitment tool to engage the participation of disabled persons, could increase empathy toward persons with a disability, decrease social ableism (of and in persons with a disability), and therefore foster greater social inclusion in sport organizations. VR has been proven as a powerful mechanism used to tackle discrimination, promote diversity, and encourage attitudinal change (Beadle and Santy, 2008;Bielen et al, 2018;Lopez et al, 2019) but has yet to be applied in the context of sport, as an innovative approach to achieve a social inclusion legacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovation for Positive Sustainable Legacy From Mega Sports Events: Virtual Reality as a Tool for Social Inclusion Legacy for Paris 2024 Paralympic Games

Byers

Hayday

Mason

et al. 2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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There is significant interest in how sports events and their associated legacies could act as a platform to address global challenges and engender social change. The United Nations (UN) has acknowledged the important role that sport plays in supporting the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Olympic movement could be argued as central to that objective. Yet critical questions and concerns have been raised about the growing expenditure, viability, long term legacy, and impacts of mega sports events such as the Olympic Games. While much evidence has focused on the challenges of creating legacy for Olympic Games, there is considerably less literature on understanding the Paralympic context. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of innovation in creating legacy from MSEs and propose a theoretical and methodological plan for such research. Innovation, a key driver in organizational performance, is suggested as essential to defining, planning for and measuring legacy. We specifically examine the potential of virtual reality (VR) as a technological innovation which can help create a social inclusion legacy in the context of Paris 2024 Olympic/Paralympic Games. A conceptual model is developed, which identifies legacy as a “wicked problem”, and this paper discusses the importance of innovation with regards to legacy, by suggesting a new application for VR technology in the context of legacy related to social inclusion. Information technology is a valuable facilitator of social inclusion for individuals with a disability. We specifically examine the potential of VR as a technological innovation which can help create legacy through influencing unconscious biases (symbolic ableism) toward diversity such as disability, gender, and race.

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Investigating Implicit Gender Bias and Embodiment of White Males in Virtual Reality with Full Body Visuomotor Synchrony

Cited by 58 publications

References 37 publications

Examining Design Choices of Questionnaires in VR User Studies

Examining Design Choices of Questionnaires in VR User Studies

Eye fixations and electrodermal activity during low‐budget virtual reality embodiment

Innovation for Positive Sustainable Legacy From Mega Sports Events: Virtual Reality as a Tool for Social Inclusion Legacy for Paris 2024 Paralympic Games

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