Investigating the Mechanical Properties of RDX Crystals Using Nano‐Indentation

Hudson, Robert J.; Zioupos, Peter; Gill, Philip P.

doi:10.1002/prep.201100063

Cited by 45 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Nanoindentation resolves this limitation, as indentation can be performed on samples with lateral dimensions on the order of 10's of µms or smaller. While it is possible to assess the properties of individual grains within metallic systems (where the grains are often identified by electron backscattered diffraction [4]), it is also possible to use indentation to characterize molecular crystals such as cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX), HMX, 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), sucrose, aspirin, and many more [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The small length scale of nanoindentation also enables the crystals to be tested without additional processing, whereas other techniques or larger mechanical tests (such as using a Vickers hardness test on RDX [11]) might require growing large and pristine single crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoindentation of HMX and Idoxuridine to Determine Mechanical Similarity

2017

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Assessing the mechanical behavior (elastic properties, plastic properties, and fracture phenomena) of molecular crystals is often complicated by the difficulty in preparing samples. Pharmaceuticals and energetic materials in particular are often used in composite structures or tablets, where the individual grains can strongly impact the solid behavior. Nanoindentation is a convenient method to experimentally assess these properties, and it is used here to demonstrate the similarity in the mechanical properties of two distinct systems: individual crystals of the explosive cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) and the pharmaceutical idoxuridine were tested in their as-precipitated state, and the effective average modulus and hardness (which can be orientation dependent) were determined. Both exhibit a hardness of 1.0 GPa, with an effective reduced modulus of 25 and 23 GPa for the HMX and idoxuridine, respectively. They also exhibit similar yield point behavior. This indicates idoxuridine may be a suitable mechanical surrogate (or "mock") for HMX. While the methodology to assess elastic and plastic properties was relatively insensitive to specific crystal orientation (i.e., a uniform distribution in properties was observed for all random crystals tested), the indentation-induced fracture properties appear to be much more sensitive to tip-crystal orientation, and an unloading slope analysis is used to demonstrate the need for further refinement in relating toughness to orientation in these materials with relatively complex slip systems and crystal structures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoindentation of HMX and Idoxuridine to Determine Mechanical Similarity

2017

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Among the various HEDMs, heterocyclic nitrogen compounds have attracted significant attention, such as the well-known explosives 1,3,4,6-tetranitroglycouril (TNGU), 10 hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), 11,12 and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) 13,14 and the newer compounds trans -1,4,5,8-tetranitro-1,4,5,8-tetraazadecalin (TNAD), 15 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) 16 and cis-2, 4,6,8-tetranitro-1H,5H-2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo [3.3.0] octane (Bicycle-HMX), 17,18 which are all explosives with high positive HOFs and excellent detonation properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dft theoretical study of energetic nitrogen-rich C4N6H8-n(NO2)n derivatives

Jin¹,

Hu²,

Jia³

et al. 2014

Quím. Nova

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n (n = 1-6). The heats of formation (HOFs) were calculated by isodesmic reactions, and the detonation properties were evaluated using the Kamlet-Jacobs equations. The bond dissociation energies were also analyzed to investigate the thermal stability and sensitivity of the compounds. The results show that all of the derivatives have high positive HOFs, compound G has the highest theoretical density, and compound F1 has the highest detonation velocity and detonation pressure. Considering both the detonation properties and thermal stabilities, compounds D1 and D4 (3 nitro substituents), E1-E6 (4 nitro substituents), and G (6 nitro substituents) can be regarded as potential candidates for high-energy density materials.

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“…6 RDX (C 3 H 6 N 6 O 6 ) or Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine is one of the most powerful HEs, yet with good stability under ambient conditions. Consequently, this archetypal HE has been studied extensively both experimentally [11][12][13][14] and theoretically [15][16][17][18] . In particular, the reaction pathways of a single RDX molecule have been mapped out in detail.…”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%