Multistage reaction pathways in detonating RDX

Novel synthesis and properties of hydrogen-free detonation nanodiamond

“…The balance was presumably oxygen, which is always present in ND [12]. HFND samples 3, obtained from pressed BTF with ρ = 1.84 g cm -3 or from loose BTF powder with ρ = 0.88 g cm -3 (Table 1), as well as those obtained earlier [21] from BTF with various additives, had similar carbon contents (81-91%), although their nitrogen contents varied widely, from 1.2 to 8.0%. EDS spectra of either 1 or 2 ( Figure 2) show a prominent peak of C and admixtures of O, Fe and Si, the latter probably extracted by shock waves from Si-containing steel of the blast chamber [33].…”

“…An RDX molecule already contains N-N fragments, therefore its decomposition begins with rapid (10 ps) ejection of N 2 molecules, followed by slightly slower (30 ps) production of H 2 O and much slower (900 ps) release of CO and CO 2 simultaneous with growth of carbon and carbonoxygen clusters [21]. Such different rates may help an effective segregation of the post-explosion gas mixture into spatially-separated components, the mechanism of which we described elsewhere [42].…”

“…The formation of ND, both chemically and physically, is a far-from-equilibrium, multi-stage process of great complexity, still imperfectly understood [12,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. Indeed, the very appearance of condensed carbon is a challenge the canonical theory of the plane wave steady detonation process [22].…”

Multiple Reaction Pathways in Shocked 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene Crystal

“…After that we observe the rapid production of both N 2 and H 2 O. Unlike in similar HEs such as RDX and HMX, CO 2 is the dominant product compared to CO. 3,23 We observe NH 3 formation at the initial phase. However, the number of NH 3 fragments remains nearly constant after the initial transient.…”

“…1 The time scale of these detonation processes varies widely from nanoseconds to microseconds, depending on the molecular composition and physical properties (e.g., density and crystal structure) of HEs as well as chemical reaction pathways involved in the decomposition processes. 2,3 However, these processes are very difficult to understand with atomistic detail. 1,4−6 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB with chemical composition C 6 H 6 O 6 N 6 , shown in Figure 1a and 1b) is an extremely insensitive yet moderately powerful polyaminopolynitro arene HE material.…”