Investigation into runoff nitrogen loss variations due to different crop residue retention modes and nitrogen fertilizer rates in rice-wheat cropping systems

Zhang, Shijie; Zhang, Gang; Wang, Dejian; Q, Liu; Min, Xu

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106729

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The magnitude of hydrologic N losses in this study was attributed more to the N concentration than the amount of discharge, as evidenced by the much higher variations in the former ( Table 2 ; Figures 1 , 3 ). In line with previous findings ( Zhang et al., 2021b ), NO 3 − -N was obviously dominant over NH 4 + -N in inorganic N losses via runoff in the present study ( Figure 1 ). Moreover, 70% of the inorganic N discharged in leachate was in the form of NO 3 − -N in maize seasons, but there were similar fractions of NO 3 − -N and NH 4 + -N loads lost to leachate in wheat seasons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Many studies focused on identifying the optimal N fertilizer rates for high crop yield with reduced runoff and leaching N losses ( Yang et al., 2017 ; Zhang et al., 2021a ; Zhang et al., 2021b ). Our results demonstrated that runoff and leachate N losses were significantly and positively correlated with synthetic N input ( Figures 2 , 4 ), indicating it was one of the dominant factors affecting hydrological N losses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Managing nitrogen for sustainable crop production with reduced hydrological nitrogen losses under a winter wheat–summer maize rotation system: an eight-season field study

Wang,

Ma,

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Excessive nitrogen (N) application in wheat–maize cropping systems was adjusted towards more sustainable practices to reduce hydrological N losses while maintaining crop yield. In comprehensive quantification of N management effects on crop yield, N use efficiency (NUE), hydrological N losses, and soil nitrate residual across eight seasons, we have added to growing evidence of strategies beneficial for sustainable crop production with lower hydrological N losses. The results show that adjusted N practices enhanced crop yield and NUE, as compared to farmer’s practices, but benefits varied with N rates and types. Optimized N treatment (OPT, 180 kg N ha-1 in both maize and wheat seasons) with or without straw returning produced the most crop yield. They increased maize yield by 5.5% and 7.3% and wheat yield by 6.2% and 3.2% on average, as compared to farmer’s practice with huge N application (FP, 345 kg N ha−1 and 240 kg N ha−1 in maize and wheat). Regulation of N release through amendment with controlled release urea at a rate of 144 kg N ha−1 crop−1 (CRU treatment) obtained 4.4% greater maize yield than FP, and sustained a similar wheat yield with less N input, resulting in the highest crop NUE. Additionally, CRU was most effective in mitigating hydrological N loss, with 39.5% and 45.5% less leachate N and 31.9% and 35.9% less runoff N loss than FP in maize and wheat seasons. Synthetic N input correlated significantly and positively with runoff and leachate N losses, indicating it was one of the dominant factors driving hydrological N losses. Moreover, compared to OPT, additional straw returning (STR) or substituting 20% of the nutrients by duck manure (DMS) further reduced runoff N discharges due to the fact that organic matter incorporation increased resilience to rainfall. N over-application in FP caused considerable nitrate accumulation in the 0–90-cm soil profile, while the adjusted N practices, i.e., OPT, STR, CRU, and DMS treatments effectively controlled it to a range of 79.6–92.9 kg N ha−1. This study suggests that efforts using optimized N treatment integrated with CRU or straw returning should be encouraged for sustainable crop production in this region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing nitrogen for sustainable crop production with reduced hydrological nitrogen losses under a winter wheat–summer maize rotation system: an eight-season field study

Wang,

Ma,

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…According to the statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) [3], the average seasonal N application rate adopted in China was 225 kg/ha, which was higher than the optimum N rate of 200 kg/ha suggested by Ju et al (2009) [4], the optimum N rate calculated from the average of economic N rates from field experiments. A large amount of N has been lost due to the excessive and/or unreasonable application of N fertilizers, resulting in a series of environmental problems (e.g., nonpoint source pollution) [5,6]. The prevention and control of agricultural nonpoint source pollution have become an important environmental problem in the world [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content Variation and Potential Runoff Loss Risk of Nutrients in Surface Water of Saline-Alkali Paddy in Response to the Application of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Types

et al. 2023

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As the saline-alkali paddy area continues to grow, the nutrient (e.g., nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) runoff loss is becoming more serious in the world. The N-fertilizer application affects the nutrient runoff loss risk in paddy. Selecting suitable fertilizer types to reduce nutrient loss is beneficial to agricultural sustainability. However, the effects of N-fertilizer application in saline-alkali paddy are not clear. This study measured the N and P concentration of surface water in saline-alkali paddy, using various N—fertilizer treatments (i.e., urea (U), urea with urease—nitrification inhibitors (UI), organic–inorganic compound fertilizer (OCF), carbon—based slow—release fertilizer (CSF), and no N fertilization (CK)). Based on the structural equation model, both phosphate (PO43−-P) and total−P (TP) concentrations had a positive influence on total-N (TN) concentration regardless of N−fertilizer types applied. Potential risks of ammonia—N (NH4+—N) and nitrate—N (NO3−—N) runoff losses were reduced in UI treatment, but the TN and TP losses were increased. At the panicle-initiation fertilizer stage, the NO3−−N, TN, and TP concentrations in CSF and OCF treatments were lower than U. The CSF application can control the TP runoff loss risk during the rice-growing season. UI should not be suggested for the control of nutrient runoff loss in saline-alkali paddy.

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“…CA also reduces the harmful effects of conventional tillage [61] by promoting reduced tillage [61,62], which improves soil carbon stocks [58], thereby improving soil aggregate stability [63], hence increasing soil water retention [61]. Meanwhile, retained crop residues increase soil water infiltration [64] while reducing runoff [64,65] and evapotranspiration [64], leading to improved soil moisture retention under CA. All these lead to improved water use efficiency and climate resilience in previously degraded soils associated with low water use efficiency.…”

Section: Contribution Of Ca To Climate Adaptation and Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Conservation Agriculture to Soil Security

2021

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Soil securitization is increasingly becoming a quintessential currency for attaining sustainable development given the mounting global concerns of land degradation, loss of biological diversity and associated ecosystem services, climate change, food insecurity, and water stress. A well-functioning soil is a panacea to address these global concerns. This paper describes the contribution of conservation agriculture (CA) to biological diversity protection, climate change adaptation and mitigation, ecosystem service delivery, food security, and water security as a potential entry point for soil securitization. Using a review of literature, we share some insights into the contribution of CA to the soil security discourse. In our review, we also make key recommendations for good practices under each soil security pillar. Thus, we conclude that empirical research is required to deepen our understanding of the benefits of CA in soil security, especially in developing countries.

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Investigation into runoff nitrogen loss variations due to different crop residue retention modes and nitrogen fertilizer rates in rice-wheat cropping systems

Cited by 31 publications

References 55 publications

Managing nitrogen for sustainable crop production with reduced hydrological nitrogen losses under a winter wheat–summer maize rotation system: an eight-season field study

Managing nitrogen for sustainable crop production with reduced hydrological nitrogen losses under a winter wheat–summer maize rotation system: an eight-season field study

Content Variation and Potential Runoff Loss Risk of Nutrients in Surface Water of Saline-Alkali Paddy in Response to the Application of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Types

Contribution of Conservation Agriculture to Soil Security

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