Investigation into the changes in bending stiffness of a textile reinforced composite due to in-plane fabric shear: Part 2 – Numerical analysis

Mitchell, Cynthia J.; Dangora, Lisa M.; Bielmeier, Christie; Sherwood, James A.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.03.018

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…χ χ . The mechanical behaviors can be coupled [48][49][50][51][52], but for simplicity and due to lack of experimental data, it was assumed that the behaviors were decoupled. Finite elements composed of woven unit cells have been implemented from Equation ( 1) [5,53,54].…”

Section: Stress Resultant Shell Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical behavior of the textile reinforcement is given by the relations between the stress resultant T 11 , T 22 , C s , M 11 , M 22 and the strains ε 11 , ε 22 , γ, χ 11 , χ 22 . The mechanical behaviors can be coupled [48][49][50][51][52], but for simplicity and due to lack of experimental data, it was assumed that the behaviors were decoupled. Finite elements composed of woven unit cells have been implemented from Equation (1) [5,53,54].…”

Section: Stress Resultant Shell Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of Wrinkling during Bending of Composite Reinforcement Laminates

et al. 2020

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When a thick laminate is subjected to bending, under certain boundary conditions, wrinkles may appear and develop due to the inextensibility of the fibers. Wrinkling is one of the most critical defects in composite manufacturing. Numerical simulation of the onset and growth of such wrinkles is an important tool for defining optimal process parameters. Herein, several bending experiments of thick laminates are presented. They were found to lead to severe wrinkling and delamination of different kinds. It is shown that the history of loading changed the developed wrinkles. Stress resultant shell finite elements specific to textile reinforcement forming show their relevance to provide, for these wrinkles induced by bending, results in good agreement with the experiments, both with regard to the onset of the wrinkles and to their development. This numerical approach was used to improve the understanding of the phenomena involved in wrinkling and to define the conditions required to avoid it in a given process.

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Section: Stress Resultant Shell Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stress Resultant Shell Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Wrinkling during Bending of Composite Reinforcement Laminates

et al. 2020

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“…As shown in Figure 9, a shear angle occurred in the z-axis, where the bending load acted. Because the bending stiffness of the CFRP product was strengthened in the direction in which the fibers were arranged, bending deformation was smaller than structural analysis [27,28,29]. Therefore, structural analysis considering the shear angle that occurred in the product is required for precise product design.…”

Section: Verification Of Cfrp B-pillar Reinforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Lightweight CFRP Automotive Part as an Alternative for Steel Part by Thickness and Lay-Up Optimization

et al. 2019

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Mechanical properties, such as strength and stiffness, of laminated carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) are generally affected by the lay-up method. However, no precise design rules to replace steel products with CFRP have been established that satisfy these properties. Therefore, this study proposes a set of rules to design automotive parts with equivalent bending stiffness through structural analysis and genetic algorithms (GAs). First, the thickness of the CFRP product was determined by comparing the bending deformation of steel products by structural analysis. To minimize the orthotropic characteristics of CFRP, the quasi-isotropic lay-up method was implemented to determine the thickness. Next, the lay-up angle was determined using GAs. The optimized lay-up angle of the CFRP product with minimum bending deformation was determined by population generation, cross-over, mutation, and fitness evaluation. CFRP B-pillar reinforcement was fabricated using the determined conditions and the bending deformation of the single component was evaluated. Finally, the B-pillar assembled with CFRP reinforcement was investigated by the drop tower test.

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“…Fibrous reinforcement consists of continuous or non-continuous fibers, natural or non-natural, as well as high-performance fibers [ 22 ]. Thus, it is the fibrous reinforcement that promotes property improvements to the matrix, such as mechanical, structural, thermal, conductive, ballistic, chemical, bending stiffness, etc [ 19 , [23] , [24] , [25] ]. This emphasizes the significance of conducting studies that specifically concentrate on textile reinforcement using knitted fabrics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%