Investigation of Compounds and Biological Activity of Selected Indonesian Marine Sponges

Abstract

Background: Marine sponges provided a great source of natural products with promising biological activity. This study was aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of methanol extracts of selected Indonesian marine sponges (Callyspongia sp., Clathria sp., Melophlus sarasinorum, and Xestospongia sp.), collected from the Saponda Islands, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia as well as to evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Methods: LCMS/MS analysis used to identify the compounds. Agar well diffusion and DPPH assays were used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Results: Chemical screening reported alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins from all investigated sponges. The LC-MS/MS analysis identified various compounds which mainly contained steroids. Antimicrobial activity (against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Candida albicans) was only shown by the Xestospongia sp. extract. Meanwhile, extracts of M. sarasinorum, Xestospongia sp., and Callyspongia sp. exhibited potent radical scavenging activity. Conclusion: The study concluded that the selected sponges could provide various groups of compounds. Methanol extracts of these sponges could be used as sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

Antimicrobial Compound from Endophytic Pseudomonas azotoformans UICC B-91 of Neesia altissima (Malvaceae)

“…Several report on gentiatibentine (3) was identified on ethyl acetate extracted of Streptomyces with ability against Plasmodium parasite 24 and from methanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum (sponge marine) with ability as antioxidant. 25 But, there hasn't any report on gentiabentine antimicrobial activity, pyranopyridines as an antibacterial compound has been reported with mechanism interrupting the efflux pump on E. coli. 26 F3 have several compounds like 1-[(2E,4E)-2,4-Decadienoyl] pyrrolidine (4), dihydro-lycopodine (5), lycopodine (6), candidate mass 6, and candidate mass 7.…”

Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity of Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Indonesian Marine Invertebrates

“…Four new aaptamine derivates were isolated from A. suberitoides collected in Ambon, Maluku Islands [ The genus Aaptos is also an abundant source of novel aaptamine alkaloids (Table 1). Four new aaptamine derivates were isolated from A. suberitoides collected in Ambon, Maluku Islands [33]-namely, 11-methoxy-3H- [1,6]naphthyridino [6,5,4-def ]quinoxalin-3one ( 46), 2,11-dimethoxy-3H- [1,6]naphthyridino [6,5,4-def ]quinoxalin-3-one (47), 5-benzoyldemethylaaptamine (48), and 3-aminodemethyl(oxy)aaptamine (49). Compound 47 is the 11-methoxy derivative of compound 46 and represents a benzoyl-aaptamine skeleton that has not been previously identified [33].…”

“…Its cytotoxicity against human acute T cell leukaemia Jurkat J16 T and human Burkitt's lymphoma Ramos B lymphocytes showed remarkable IC50 values of 70 and 60 nM, respectively, as well as EC50 values of 80 and 50 nM, respectively [47]. A novel A-nor steroid, namely clathruhoate (104), was isolated from a marine sponge Clathria sp., collected from Bintang Samudra Marine Education Park, Southeast Sulawesi A novel A-nor steroid, namely clathruhoate (104), was isolated from a marine sponge Clathria sp., collected from Bintang Samudra Marine Education Park, Southeast Sulawesi [48]. Moreover, a new nortriterpenoid saponin, namely sarasinoside S (105), was identified from the marine sponge Petrosia sp.…”

Cytotoxic Polyketide Metabolites from a Marine Mesophotic Zone Chalinidae Sponge-Associated Fungus Pleosporales sp. NBUF144

“…Marine organisms, especially sponges and microbes associated with them, are prolific producers of structurally diverse and bioactive natural products [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. As sessile filter-feeding animals, sponges provide habitats for diverse and specific microbial communities [ 6 ].…”