Investigation of dialkyltin compounds as catalysts for the synthesis of dialkyl carbonates from alkyl carbamates

Urea methanolysis to dimethyl carbonate over ZnO–CeO2–MO (MO: La2O3, Y2O3, Co2O3, Ga2O3, and ZrO2) catalysts

“…Various catalysts such as organotin derivatives [24], pure metal oxides [25,26], and mixed metal oxides [27,28] have been investigated for the synthesis of DMC from urea methanolysis. In our recent work [28], we developed a new type of ZnO-CeO 2 mixed metal oxide catalyst for the synthesis of DMC from urea and methanol.…”

Synthesis of Linear and Cyclic Carbonates

“…To the best of the present authors ' knowledge, correlations between the catalyst ' s structure and activity have been demonstrated only for tin catalysts [41] . A series of di -n -butyl tin(IV) compounds have been synthesized, characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) and infrared ( IR ) spectroscopies, and screened for methyl carbamate methanolysis at 463 K. The key reactions proposed are depicted in Scheme 7.3 .…”

Tin-Catalyzed Urea Alcoholysis With β-Citronellol: A Simple and Selective Synthesis of Carbamates

“…However, despite 70 % yielding, it was necessary 1 week to complete the reaction at room temperature. Lewis acids such as organotin(IV) compounds have shown active in reactions of urea alcoholysis to synthesize alkyl carbonates, being an option to the enzymatic or alkaline catalysts [23]. Nonetheless, organotin(IV) catalysts require expensive and laborious synthesis conditions.…”