Investigation of Origin of Attached Cu-Ag Droplets to Solid Particles During High-Temperature Slag/Copper/Spinel Interactions

Bellemans, Inge; Wilde, Evelien De; Blanpain, Bart; Moelans, Nele; Verbeken, Kim

doi:10.1007/s11663-017-1088-4

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This phenomenon was indicated in previous studies [28][29][30]. De Wilde and Bellemans et al [28,[31][32][33] have published numerous articles investigating this phenomenon; the origin of the droplets and the effect of slag-spinel composition on the droplet attachment. In those studies, the authors concluded that this phenomenon is determined by the thermodynamic parameters of the systems, i.e., the oxygen partial pressure, the slag composition, and the amount of other metals in the alloy.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 58%

Slag Chemistry and Behavior of Nickel and Tin in Black Copper Smelting with Alumina and Magnesia-Containing Slags

Dańczak

Klemettinen

O’Brien

et al. 2020

J. Sustain. Metall.

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The global amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is growing fast. Non-ferrous metals represent a large portion of this waste, and they can be potentially recovered via black copper smelting. Alumina and magnesia, originating from the e-waste or fluxes, can be present in the feed of a secondary copper smelter in varying concentrations. Our study focuses on the impact of MgO on the slag chemistry of high-alumina iron silicate slags. The distributions of tin and nickel as minor elements were also investigated and compared with literature data. The equilibrium study was performed at 1300 °C in reducing conditions. Three different slag mixtures with 0, 3, and 6 wt% MgO were used in the study. The MgO addition significantly reduced the solubility of alumina in the slag and changed the primary spinel phase composition. The combined effects of increasing MgO and decreasing Al2O3 concentration in the slag regarding the distribution of tin were noticeable, i.e., its deportment to metal phase increased, but for nickel the effect was negligible. Theoretical calculations were performed for estimating the isolated effect of MgO on the distributions and they confirmed the beneficial effect on the behavior of tin but showed no impact for nickel. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 58%

Slag Chemistry and Behavior of Nickel and Tin in Black Copper Smelting with Alumina and Magnesia-Containing Slags

Dańczak

Klemettinen

O’Brien

et al. 2020

J. Sustain. Metall.

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“…The above-mentioned theory is further investigated by Bellemans et al [99] using Ag in Cu–Ag alloy as a tracer element in similar sessile drop experiments. It is found that small metal droplets attached to spinels contain Ag, which would not be the case if their origin is purely reactive, since the dissolution of such amounts of Ag is not probable.…”

Section: Interaction Between Spinels and Metal Droplets In Slagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on operation of spinel-containing slags of the non-ferrous metallurgy

Kleeberg

2022

Materials Science and Technology

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Operation of slags and their valorisation are one major topic in the metallurgical industry. Different phases within the slag have influences on the slag properties, which requires fundamental knowledge on the system to consider effective measures to reach the individual optimisation targets. Solid phases like spinels in slags have an impact on viscosity, resulting in operational issues, increased metal losses and other effects in daily operation. In this document an overview on spinel-containing slags of the non-ferrous metallurgical processes is given, with focus on operation in liquid state. It shows a summary of the current state of experimental and modelling work in this field done by different research groups. The importance of studies on thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams to solve practical operational issues is outlined.

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“…Despite its notable economic importance, the transient behavior of the interfacial boundary between the matte and slag has yet to be extensively investigated because direct observation of the dynamic behavior of a molten matte-slag boundary is difficult owing to the presence of an extremely limited observation domain (Sauerland et al, 1993;Chung and Cramb, 2000;Fagerlund and Jalkanen, 2000;Han and Holappa, 2003;Bellemans et al, 2017). Conventionally, the morphology of matte-slag liquids has been discussed on the assumption of a core-shell type in which the slag encompasses the matte based on the shape obtained after solidification in equilibrium experiments (Kemori et al, 1989).…”

Section: Snmentioning

confidence: 99%