Investigation of oxidation states of titanium in titanium silicalite-1 by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

In situ hydrothermal synthesis of a novel hierarchically porous TS-1/modified-diatomite composite for methylene blue (MB) removal by the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis

“…The intensities of diffraction peaks for the MFI-type zeolite are stronger in TS-1/Dt 24 than in TS-1/Dt 3 and TS-1/Dt 12 , indicating that a longer in situ hydrothermal time results in higher crystallinity of the TS-1 nanoparticles. In contrast to earlier works, in which anatase and/or extra-framework Ti were normally present for a Ti content in TS-1 exceeding 2.5 at.% [49], no additional TiO 2 crystalline phases, such as anatase (2h = 25.5°), were detected, even at 3.0 at.% Ti. This phenomenon can be ascribed to the short hydrothermal time, which prevents the crystallization of amorphous TiO 2 gel produced during the hydrolysis of the titanium source.…”

“…The binding energies of Si 2p and O 1s, shown in Supplementary Table S1, were 103.7 ± 0.1 eV and 532.9 ± 0.3 eV, respectively. The slight shift to lower binding energy in TS-1/Dt 3 (103.0 eV) was attributed to the lower loading amounts and crystallinity of the TS-1 nanoparticles [49]. The deconvolution of the Ti 2p spectrum from the surface of each sample is shown in Fig.…”

“…3. In general, the existing state of Ti reflected by the XPS spectra is classified as follows: (i) Ti 4+ in a tetrahedral position in the silicalite framework, indicated by the Ti 2p 3/2 peak maximum at 460.0 eV [49]; (ii) extra-framework hydrated Ti 4+ confirmed by the presence of the Ti 2p 3/2 peak maximum at 458.6 eV [50,51]; and (iii) a small fraction of octahedrally coordinated Ti 4+ in a separate phase, indicated by the Ti 2p 3/2 peak maximum at a lower binding energy [50,51]. The Ti 2p XPS of TS-1/Dt 3 ( Fig.…”

Selective oxidation of methanol to form dimethoxymethane and methyl formate over a monolayer V2O5/TiO2 catalyst

“…According to the literature data [76][77][78][79][80][81] species is between 456.2 and 457.4 eV. The X-ray absorption spectra are shown in Fig.…”

NHTS: A Hollow, Noble‐Metal‐Modified Titanium Silicalite

“…[40,41] The XPS Pd 3d peaks for NHTS and Pd/TS-1 ( Figures 4, A and B) appear at 335.3 and 335.6 eV, respectively. In order to help the understanding of our readers, we have fitted the Pd 3d spectra shown in Figure 4 to two doublets Ϫ one belonging to Pd metal and the other to PdO Ϫ as this allows us to determine the true BE values and proportion of each species more precisely.…”