Investigation of phenolic compounds, in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of methanol and aqueous extracts of different parts of Glaucosciadium cordifolium

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the biological potentials and phenolic composition of different parts of Glaucosciadium cordifolium, which is less investigated and known as a wild endemic species to Turkey. The antioxidant activity of the plant was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-Ethylbenzthiazolin-6-Sulfonic Acid) (ABTS), iron chelating capacity, and a ?-carotene / linoleic acid emulsion assay. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of the plant were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The study of the enzyme inhibition activity of the plant was carried out for acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, ?-glucosidase, ?-amylase, and tyrosinase. The antiglycation activity of the aqueous extract of the plant was evaluated using established methods such as browning, a Nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) assay, the 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH) method, a Congo red assay, and fluorescent Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). The HPLC profiling of the phenolics revealed that 18 standard phenolic compounds were found in different amounts in various extracts of the plant parts. According to our bioactivity results, the methanol extract obtained from the flower parts of the plant contained higher amounts of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which also demonstrated the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. In addition, the methanol extracts obtained from the leaves and roots were found to be the most active extracts against the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, as well as moderately active against the tyrosinase enzyme. The antiglycation capacity of the extract followed this order: G. cordifolium leaves > stems > roots > flower. As a result, our study indicated that G. cordifolium extracts have strong antioxidant potential, good enzyme inhibitory effects and antiglycation potential. Further studies on G. cordifolium with in vivo bioassays need to be carried out to seek the importance of the plant in pharmaceutical techniques.

Promnesic, Anxiolytic and Antioxidant Effects of Glaucosciadium cordifolium (Boiss.) Burtt & Davis Essential Oil in a Zebrafish Model of Cognitive Impairment

“…Our findings indicate that the used doses of GCEO suppress the activity of AChE, which was elevated by SCOP exposure. Recently, Eruygur et al [ 19 ] evaluated methanolic and aqueous extracts from different parts of Glaucosciadium cordifolium , such as roots, stem, leaves, and flowers, for their anti-AChE and anti-butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) potential. Their results showed that all tested extracts displayed cholinesterase inhibitory activity.…”

“…Their results showed that all tested extracts displayed cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Of these, the aqueous extract of roots and leaves showed the greatest anti-AChE activity while the methanolic extract of stems exhibited the highest anti-BuChE activity [ 19 ].…”

“…The maximum radical scavenging activity values (32.70%) were obtained in the dry stem, while the lowest value (16.63%) was obtained in fresh leaves [ 17 ]. In another paper, the antioxidant effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts from various organs of Glaucosciadium cordifolium were investigated by using different in vitro assays: DPPH radical scavenging activity, 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-Ethylbenzthiazolin-6-Sulfonic Acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, iron-chelating activity and β-carotene/linoleic acid emulsion method [ 19 ]. The results showed that these plant extracts exhibit high radical scavenging activity in these assays, and these antioxidant properties were attributed to their high amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids [ 19 ].…”

“…in Kew Bulletin . G. cordifolium is a monotypic plant that belongs to the Umbelliferae family, has a characteristic smell, grows on stony riverbanks and chalky slopes and is distributed in the Mediterranean region [ 17 , 19 , 20 ]. This species is known in Turkey as “sakarotu” or “çakşırotu”, and its roots and leaves has been used in traditional medicine for stomach ailments and as an aphrodisiac and appetizer [ 21 , 22 ].…”

“…This species is known in Turkey as “sakarotu” or “çakşırotu”, and its roots and leaves has been used in traditional medicine for stomach ailments and as an aphrodisiac and appetizer [ 21 , 22 ]. Recently, Glaucosciadium cordifolium essential oil (GCEO) was proven to possess antimicrobial properties against Listeria monocytogenes [ 18 ] and antioxidant activities in different in vitro assays [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”