Investigation of Porosity Changes in Cast Ti6Al4V Rods After Hot Isostatic Pressing

Tensile Properties and Microstructure of Direct Metal Laser-Sintered Ti6al4v (Eli) Alloy

“…The process of defect analysis of the samples with a low level of porosity and small pores is a complex task in CT scans because small pores and the noise signal can be overlapped [21]. Some pores can be missed due to contrast variations between the scans, and due to the metal type and size of the pores relative to the scan resolution.…”

X-ray Micro-Ct Supporting the South African Additive Manufacturing Community ^†

“…One important application of microCT in the near future might be analysis of the part geometry after HIP processing. HIPping is often used to close porosity, even very large pores can be closed effectively as shown in [18]. However, as shown in this study, near-surface pores might not be effectively closed, and these pores might be the critical ones for good fatigue life of the parts, as cracks may form between the surface and near-surface pores under cyclic loading.…”

X-Ray Microcomputed Tomography in Additive Manufacturing: A Review of the Current Technology and Applications

“…This is therefore one very important type of porosity to identify nondestructively and to eliminate from the process if possible. HIP is often used to remove gas porosity, even closing pores as large as 4 mm to less than 10 lm as shown for casting porosity, 53 but when pores are connected to the surface, the method is ineffective.…”

“…78,79 Other applications can be to monitor the efficiency of pore closure in HIP treatment and the effect of heat treatments on pores. 14,52,53,80 Surface roughness or topography AM parts require surface roughness assessment, but traditional tools such as tactile and optical profilometers and laser scanners work only on the exterior surfaces of parts, and often only in lines or on flat surfaces. 81,82 It was shown previously that individual line profiles in CT images can be related to surface roughness, especially useful for complex parts such as struts in lattices.…”