Investigation of seismic response of cantilever retaining walls: Limit analysis vs shaking table testing

Kloukinas, Panos; Santolo, Anna Scotto di; Penna, Augusto; Dietz, Martin; Evangelista, Aldo; Simonelli, Armando Lucio; Taylor, Colin Anthony; Mylonakis, George

doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.05.018

Cited by 55 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Thus, an active state is not developed behind the stem despite the fact that the acceleration is applied toward the backfill soil, and, consequently, the retaining wall moves away from the backfill soil. The present study observations are also in contrast with what was observed for the behavior of a cantilever-type retaining wall modeled via a numerical model by Green et al (2008) and via an experimental work by Kloukinas et al (2015)-both of these studies reported that a maximum value of P stem is same to what is observed for a rigid retaining wall. Fig.…”

Section: Seismic Earth Pressure Forces: P Stem and P Vpcontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Notionally, the vertical seismic acceleration may contribute to the vertical seismic inertia and, as a consequence, may slightly affect the performance response of the cantilever-type retaining wall. However, arguments of several past studies (like Green et al 2008;Cakir 2013;Kloukinas et al 2015;and Jo et al 2017) as well as that of Bakr and Ahmad (2018a) suggest that it is primarily the horizontal seismic acceleration that contributes to the seismic earth pressure force and affects the stability of a retaining wall. The same has been observed through the results of the present study as well as shown later in the results section of this paper.…”

Section: Seismic Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, with regards to finding a critical case that needs to be considered for designing a cantilevertype retaining wall under seismic conditions, there are several contradictory evidences in the available literature. For example, the numerical study presented by Green et al (2008) and the shaking table study presented by Kloukinas et al (2015) show that a critical loading case for the seismic design of a cantilever-type retaining wall is when the earthquake acceleration is applied away from the backfill soil, thereby rendering the retaining wall-soil system in a passive earth pressure condition. This, however, is contradicted by the centrifuge-based study of Jo et al (2017), who reported that a critical loading case for the retaining wall will be the one in which the earthquake acceleration is applied toward the backfill soil, thereby rendering the retaining wall-soil system in an active earth pressure condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the importance of displacement-based methods, researchers have presented various approaches for the estimation of displacement of rigid retaining walls (e.g., Nadim and Whitman 1983;Madabhushi and Zeng 1998;Zeng 1998;Zeng and Steedman 2000;Paruvakat et al 2001;Huang 2005;Choudhury and Nimbalkar 2008;Basha and Babu 2010;Huang et al 2009;Ahmad and Choudhury 2010;Ni et al 2017). Similarly, a few researchers like Green et al (2008); Kloukinas et al (2015); Bakr and Ahmad (2018b) have investigated the deformation mechanism of the cantilever-type retaining wall under the effect of seismic loading. However, very little information is available that details a relationship and effect of seismic earth pressure on the displacement of the cantilever-type retaining wall, thus leaving this important area of research and application poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Finite-Element Study for Seismic Structural and Global Stability of Cantilever-Type Retaining Walls

2019

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This paper investigates the structural and global stability of a cantilever-type retaining wall under seismic loading using numerical modelling. A new and robust approach is proposed to compute the seismic earth pressure behind the stem and along a virtual plane passing the heel of the wall. The results show that under different earthquake characteristics and wall geometries, the seismic earth pressure forces may be out of phase, leading to different seismic responses of the wall. The critical scenario for the structural stability is observed when the maximum acceleration is directed toward the backfill soil, and the earthquake frequency content is close to the natural frequency of the wall. In contrast, the critical scenario for the global stability occurs when the maximum acceleration is directed with minimum frequency content. Further, the natural frequency of the wall does not affect the global stability of the wall. However, the duration of the applied earthquake acceleration does affect the global stability of the wall, whereas the structural stability remains unaffected by it. In contrast with the current understanding, the possibility of failure of a cantilever-type retaining wall by horizontal sliding is remarkably increased with time of the applied earthquake acceleration.

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Section: Seismic Earth Pressure Forces: P Stem and P Vpcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Seismic Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Finite-Element Study for Seismic Structural and Global Stability of Cantilever-Type Retaining Walls

2019

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“…This study was presented in the following sequence. First, the finite element model developed was verified by experimental findings of physical models [28], and the results were also compared and validated with results of published numerical studies. Then two series of analysis were carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Performance of Retaining Walls with Compressible Inclusions under Seismic Loading

2020

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This paper investigates the possible application of recycled tyre shreds as compressible inclusion behind retaining walls under dynamic loading. It is a novel method to reduce the magnitude of earthquake-induced dynamic forces against rigid earth retaining wall structures. A numerical model to analyze the behavior of retaining walls with compressible cushion was developed in PLAXIS 2D, a two-dimensional finite element analysis based software, and the results were validated by comparison with experimental findings from physical models. The study evaluates the effects of thickness of compressible cushion and the friction angle of the backfill on the seismic performance of retaining walls. To assess the effect of frequency on wall performance with and without cushion, the wall was subjected to 15 cycles of sinusoidal excitation with acceleration amplitudes of 0.1g to 0.3g at a frequency of 7 Hz. The results from the numerical analysis indicate that the permanent displacements of the wall were reduced in the range of 38% to 52% and the horizontal earth pressures were reduced by about 55% to 76% due to the presence of tyre shreds as a compressible cushion between the wall and backfill. Results showed that the dynamic load against the retaining wall can be considerably reduced through the proposed technique. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091631 Full Text: PDF

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Integral abutment bridges: Investigation of seismic soil‐structure interaction effects by shaking table testing

Fiorentino

Cengiz

Luca

et al. 2020

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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In recent years there has been renewed interest on integral abutment bridges (IABs), mainly due to their low construction and maintenance cost. Owing to the monolithic connection between deck and abutments, there is strong soil‐structure interaction between the bridge and the backfill under both thermal action and earthquake shaking. Although some of the regions where IABs are adopted qualify as highly seismic, there is limited knowledge as to their dynamic behaviour and vulnerability under strong ground shaking. To develop a better understanding on the seismic behaviour of IABs, an extensive experimental campaign involving over 75 shaking table tests and 4800 time histories of recorded data, was carried out at EQUALS Laboratory, University of Bristol, under the auspices of EU‐sponsored SERA project (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe). The tests were conducted on a 5 m long shear stack mounted on a 3 m × 3 m 6‐DOF earthquake simulator, focusing on interaction effects between a scaled bridge model, abutments, foundation piles and backfill soil. The study aims at (a) developing new scaling procedures for physical modelling of IABs, (b) investigating experimentally the potential benefits of adding compressible inclusions (CIs) between the abutment and the backfill and (c) exploring the influence of different types of connection between the abutment and the pile foundation. Results indicate that the CI reduces the accelerations on the bridge deck and the settlements in the backfill, while disconnecting piles from the cap decreases bending near the pile head.

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Investigation of seismic response of cantilever retaining walls: Limit analysis vs shaking table testing

Cited by 55 publications

References 32 publications

Finite-Element Study for Seismic Structural and Global Stability of Cantilever-Type Retaining Walls

Finite-Element Study for Seismic Structural and Global Stability of Cantilever-Type Retaining Walls

Performance of Retaining Walls with Compressible Inclusions under Seismic Loading

Integral abutment bridges: Investigation of seismic soil‐structure interaction effects by shaking table testing

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