Investigation of the EIL/EIN3 Transcription Factor Gene Family Members and Their Expression Levels in the Early Stage of Cotton Fiber Development

Abstract

The ethylene-insensitive3-like/ethylene-insensitive3 (EIL/EIN3) protein family can serve as a crucial factor for plant growth and development under diverse environmental conditions. EIL/EIN3 protein is a form of a localized nuclear protein with DNA-binding activity that potentially contributes to the intricate network of primary and secondary metabolic pathways of plants. In light of recent research advances, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and novel bioinformatics tools have provided significant breakthroughs in the study of the EIL/EIN3 protein family in cotton. In turn, this paved the way to identifying and characterizing the EIL/EIN3 protein family. Hence, the high-throughput, rapid, and cost-effective meta sequence analyses have led to a remarkable understanding of protein families in addition to the discovery of novel genes, enzymes, metabolites, and other biomolecules of the higher plants. Therefore, this work highlights the recent advance in the genomic-sequencing analysis of higher plants, which has provided a plethora of function profiles of the EIL/EIN3 protein family. The regulatory role and crosstalk of different metabolic pathways, which are apparently affected by these transcription factor proteins in one way or another, are also discussed. The ethylene hormone plays an important role in the regulation of reactive oxygen species in plants under various environmental stress circumstances. EIL/EIN3 proteins are the key ethylene-signaling regulators and play important roles in promoting cotton fiber developmental stages. However, the function of EIL/EIN3 during initiation and early elongation stages of cotton fiber development has not yet been fully understood. The results provided valuable information on cotton EIL/EIN3 proteins, as well as a new vision into the evolutionary relationships of this gene family in cotton species.

Functional Validation of Glutamine synthetase and Glutamate synthase Genes in Durum Wheat near Isogenic Lines with QTL for High GPC

“…Ethylene regulates many different aspects of plant development and stress responses, thus its signaling pathway needs proper modulation depending on the plant conditions. Salih et al (2020) [53] reported a very recent study on the possible functions of EIL/EIN3 proteins in cotton. Their GO annotations and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that, besides being involved in the ethylene-activated signaling pathway and a number of cellular macromolecule metabolic process, a great number of EIL/EIN3 genes were also involved in nitrogen compound metabolic process.…”

Dynamic roles and intricate mechanisms of ethylene in epidermal hair development in Arabidopsis and cotton

“…A recent study identified 18 cotton EIN3/EIL family members, two of which were excluded because of their lack of the necessary core sequence in the DNA binding domain (Fig. S2k,l) (Salih et al ., 2020). The gene structure analysis of the EIN3 / EIL s gene family supported the notion that most members of this family had no or few introns (Fig.…”

“…The gene structure analysis of the EIN3 / EIL s gene family supported the notion that most members of this family had no or few introns (Fig. S3j) (Salih et al ., 2020). The ER/Golgi‐located ethylene receptors are the key component in ethylene signal transduction, which are relatively conserved but diverse in domain composition and function among plant species.…”

Bioinformatics in Sudan: Status and challenges case study: The National University-Sudan

“…These projects include studies that have analyzed the full genome sequence of Dromedary camels to evaluate the genomic diversity and signatures of positive selection [ 27 ], the phylogenetic tree analysis of Streptomyces isolates from soil [ 28 ], and anti-hepatitis B virus activity isolated from Guiera senegalensis leaves [ 29 ]. The studies also included articles that investigated the prediction of the appropriate Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epitope vaccine [ 30 ], identification of mutations in the Theileria annulata prolyl isomerase I gene ( TaPIN1 ) [ 31 ], malaria drug resistance molecular markers [ 32 ], whole genome sequencing of Klebsiella pneumoniae [ 33 ] and Acinetobacter baumannii [ 34 ], and the function of EIL/EIN3 transcription factor genes in cotton fiber development [ 35 ].…”