Investigation of the Fuel Efficiency of the U.S. Air Transportation Network Structure

Azzam, Mark; Bonnefoy, Philippe A.; Hansman, John

doi:10.2514/6.2010-9331

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…While historical global consumption figures are difficult to link with transportation volumes, some recent research (Azzam et al, 2010) shows efficiency gains, measured as fuel consumption per Revenue tonne-kilometre (RTK), of 1.5-2.0% per year. As the number of RTKs has been increasing at 4.5-5.0%, the net result offers an increase of 3% in yearly C0 2 emissions, if standard kerosene continues to be the only used fuel.…”

Section: Aviation and Climate Change: The Role Of Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the current incentive rules and mechanisms to promote biofuel use in the EU and their possible application to the civil aviation sector

Noh

Benito

Alonso

2016

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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This paper deals with the need of introducing biofuels for the use of the civil aviation sector, and the different possibilities of application of incentive mechanisms if the existing market conditions do not allow their direct commercialisation. After an introduction on the main features of the civil aviation impact on climate change, a historical review of the European Union regulations to promote the energy extraction from biological resources is presented. The different incentive policies around the world are revised and compared and some indications are offered on the most recommendable procedures that might be carried out in the near future.

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Section: Aviation and Climate Change: The Role Of Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the current incentive rules and mechanisms to promote biofuel use in the EU and their possible application to the civil aviation sector

Noh

Benito

Alonso

2016

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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The accelerated growth of the worldwide air transportation network

Azzam

Klingauf

Zock³

2013

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Climb and Descent Trajectories for Reducing Fuel Burn and Emissions

Zhao

2011

11th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference

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This paper studies and compares optimal climb and descent trajectories that conform to the Air Traffic Control (ATC) procedures and minimize fuel consumption, emissions, flight time, and/or flight distance. Tradeoffs among these different performance criteria are examined. In addition, closed-loop sensitivities are used to evaluate the likely variations of fuel burns, emissions, and flight times when optimized trajectories are tracked in actual flights. In this paper, a point-mass model of conventional commercial aircraft is used, together with available models of aircraft performance and emissions. Aircraft vertical profiles in the ATC system are described through a series of flight segments. The segment parameters are optimized to minimize fuel burn, emissions, flight time, flight distance, and/or their linear combinations, subject to aircraft equations of motion, aircraft performance limitations, and appropriate boundary conditions. A gradient method is devised for numerical solutions. In calculating the closed-loop sensitivities, the method of feedback linearization is used to model aircraft guidance strategies. NOMENCLATURE c tsfc = Thrust specific fuel consumption (C D , C L ) = (Drag, Lift) coefficient C D 0 = Parasite drag coefficient (D, L) = (Drag, Lift) force g = Acceleration of gravity H = Humidity correction h = Geometric altitude h b = Baro-corrected altitude p h = Pressure altitude K = Induced drag factor, feedback gains, weighting coefficients m = Aircraft mass n = Load factor M = Mach number p = Pressure p amb = Ambient pressure in psia p sat = Saturation vapor pressure in mbar R = Specific gas constant s = Path distance S = Aircraft wing area T = Engine thrust CAS V = Calibrated airspeed 1 Ph.D. candidate, 2 V g = Ground speed t V = True airspeed W = mg = Aircraft weight W h = Vertical wind speed W f = Weight of consumed fuel ! W f = Fuel flow rate W NO x = Weight of NOx emissions W CO 2 = Weight of CO2 emissions ẑ = Measured/estimated value of z ! = p / p SL = Pressure ratio ! = Relative humidity a γ = Air-relative flight path angle ! = Engine throttle setting ! = Humidity ratio in kg water / kg dry air ! = Air density ! = ! / ! SL = Temperature ratio ! = Air temperature ! amb = Ambient temperature in R ! ambc = Ambient temperature in C ( ) SL = Sea-level value ( ) 0 = Initial value ( ) f = Final value ( ) min , ( ) max = Minimum, maximum value ( ) c = Command, related to climb phase ( ) d = Related to descent phase ( ) cr = Related to cruise conditions

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Investigation of the Fuel Efficiency of the U.S. Air Transportation Network Structure

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Study of the current incentive rules and mechanisms to promote biofuel use in the EU and their possible application to the civil aviation sector

Study of the current incentive rules and mechanisms to promote biofuel use in the EU and their possible application to the civil aviation sector

The accelerated growth of the worldwide air transportation network

Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Climb and Descent Trajectories for Reducing Fuel Burn and Emissions

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