Investigation of the triplet excited state and application of cationic meso-tetra(cisplatin)porphyrins in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

Applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Aquaculture: Effect on Fish Pathogenic Bacteria

“…For example, Caprara et al demonstrated the high potency of the positively charged PS, meso-tetra(4-N-methyl-pyridyl)porphyrin (H 2 TMePyP + ) against Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii compared to the negatively charged PS, meso-tetra(4-sulfonate phenyl)porphyrin (H 2 TPPS − ) [15]. Positively charged PSs from tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin) cisplatin derivatives have also been reported to be efficient against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [16]. This shows that the positive charge on the PS makes it effective against both Gram-positive (since the porous nature of the cell wall allows uptake) and Gram-negative bacteria (since the negative bacterial cell wall can interact with the positive charge on the PS).…”

“…Toluidine blue-carbon nanotube conjugate [41], Radachlorin [42], methylene blue [43,44], methylene blue-polymyxin conjugate [45], Temoporfin [44], prodigiosin [46], curcumin [19,47], Rose Bengal alone and when combined with methicillin [48], metal phthalocyanines [M = Zn(II), Cu (II), Co(II), In(III), and Lu (III)] bearing chlorine and dipentylmalonyl groups on peripheral positions and hexyloxy groups on non-peripheral positions [49], tetrasulfonated hydroxyaluminum phthalocyanine [50], zinc phthalocyanine-colistin conjugate [51], meso-tetra(3-N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin and meso-tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin [52], isomeric meso-tetra (pyridyl)-substituted porphyrin (5,10,15,20-Tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TPyP)) derivatives of cisplatin (3-cis-Pt-TPyP and 4-cis-Pt-TPyP) [16], dimethyl- [67,68], curcumin [69] Microalgae feed [67] water [68] Vibrio cholerae Gn Curcumin [69] Water [69] Vibrio fischeri Gn 5,10,15-tris(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-20-(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin tri-iodide (Tri-Py+-Me-PF) [70] aquaculture water [70] Vibrio harveyi Gn Rose Bengal [71], curcumin [69] larviculture systems [71], water [69] Vibrio parahemolyticus Gn methylene blue [72], curcumin [36,73], 5,10,15-tris(1-methylpyridinium4-yl)-20-pentafluorophenylporphyrin tri-iodide (Tri-Py+-Me-PF) [35], 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis[N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin [74] Aquaculture water [35,74] Vibrio splendidus Gn Curcumin, methylene blue and eosin Y …”

“…Due to their ability to interact with light and rate, these molecules can be photosensitizers in aPDT. Several fi inactivated using porphyrins as PSs in aPDT [15][16][17]35,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58] porphyrins are more active as PSs against Gram-positive and Gra anionic or non-ionic PSs. Work by Banfi et al showed that posi porphyrins are important for PS antibacterial activity [80], as the into the cell.…”

“…Due to their ability to interact with light and the high ROS production rate, these molecules can be photosensitizers in aPDT. Several fish pathogens have been inactivated using porphyrins as PSs in aPDT [15][16][17]35,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58]62,67,68,70,74]. Cationic porphyrins are more active as PSs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria than anionic or non-ionic PSs.…”

Porphyrins in Photodynamic Therapy: A Review

“…faecium, E. Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, Candida albicans, HIV, HSV, T4 and T7 bacteriophages and others. 26,84,[186][187] Non-development of antibiotic resistance is one of the most significant advantages of aPDT, 26,61,84 While disadvantages include limited systemic applications, lack of solubility, target selection, aggregation of PSs leading to self-quenching and low ROS generation, and economic viability. 84 As such, the search for new and better PSs for applications in cPDT, aPDT and PDI of viruses continues through structural modifications and/or nano-conjugation, assuring targeted delivery and specificity in target interaction.…”