Investigation of thermal degradation characteristics of polyamide-6 containing melamine or melamine cyanurate via direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry

Isbasar, Ceyda; Hacaloğlu, Jale

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2012.09.002

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Within the new non-halogenated FRs, researchers have proposed different types including red phosphorus [5], magnesium hydroxide [6,7], boron [8], organoclay nanocomposites [9,10], glass-fiber [11,12], silicon [13], multiwall carbon nanotubes composites [14][15][16], carbon fiber [17], and melamine-based products [18][19][20] in various combinations. Phosphorus-based FRs are among the most efficient and versatile flame retardants, and most of them can act through a combination of vapor-(inhibition of active species in gas phase) and condensed-phase reactions (promotion of the polymer carbonization and char formation) [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Meltable Triazine-DOPO Additive on Rheological, Mechanical, and Flammability Properties of PA6

et al. 2015

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Through a straightforward approach, a new meltable, halogen-free, nitrogen-phosphorus-based flame retardant (FR), 6-(2-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)ethyl) dibenzo [c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide (DTE-DOPO) was synthesized and incorporated in polyamide 6 (PA6).It was proved that a very low phosphorus content of 1.46 wt % for DTE-DOPO additive improved the flame retardancy of PA6, leading to a non-flammable material. The performance of the new additive was compared to that of the commercially-available Exolit OP 1230. The PA6 formulations were evaluated by measuring the rheological, mechanical, and flammability behavior. Using compounding by melt extrusion, 17 wt % additives was introduced into PA6 matrix and the corresponding formulations were characterized. The results evidenced a higher homogeneity of DTE-DOPO with PA6, a high thermal stability with a catalyzing decomposition effect on PA6 caused by the presence of the new developed FR, enhanced elasticity for the PA6/DTE-DOPO formulation and a V0 rating for both formulations. Thermal and fire analysis indicated a primary gas-phase activity, combined with a complete suppression of the self-sustained burning for the PA6/DTE-DOPO formulation.Polymers 2015, 7 1542

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Meltable Triazine-DOPO Additive on Rheological, Mechanical, and Flammability Properties of PA6

et al. 2015

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“…Separately, they have little e ect on the ame retardancy; therefore, they are o en used in combination with phosphorus FRs, such as MPP. e main advantages of these compounds are their low toxicity, solid state and in the case of re, the absence of dioxin and halogen acids, and their low evolution of smoke [49][50][51]. …”

Section: Nitrogen-containing Fl Ame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanoparticles (NPs) that are used as FRs mainly include nanoclays, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), Tekstilec, 2016, 59(3), 196-205 and spherical silica nanoparticles [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. It has been found out that NPs act in the condense phase where they, in low loadings (<10%), in uence dripping behaviour of the polymer.…”

Section: Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some scientists have concerns about carbon nanotubes due to unknown harmful impacts to the human body by inhalation, and some papers suggest that carbon nanotubes have similar toxicity as asbestos bres. Nanoparticles have higher surface areas than bulk materials, which can cause more damage to the human body and the environment compared to the bulk particles, since the mobility of nanoparticles is more possible [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. Another problem is the lack of information and methods of characterising nanomaterials, making the existing technology extremely di cult to detect the nanoparticles in air for environmental protection.…”

Section: Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, recycling of ame retarded polymers is also accompanied by some pressing ecological problems. It is documented that during waste recycling activities, especially if they are carried out in a non-professional primitive manner, high concentrations of brominated and chlorinated FRs, mainly PBB and TBBPA, as well as highly toxic brominated and chlorinated dioxin-related compounds were present in air and house dust [8,50,58,63]. erefore, only certain and strictly controlled experimental conditions are appropriate for recycling of polymers with incorporated FRs.…”

Section: Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Flame Retardants and Environmental Issues

Šehić¹,

Tavčer²,

Simončić³

2016

TEK

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This article reviews the environmental aspects of fl ame retardant (FR) use for polymeric materials. The most important groups of halogen, phosphorus-halogen, phosphorus, nitrogen-containing and mineral FRs, as well as of nanoparticle FRs are presented in relation to the health concerns and environmental risk. The main toxicological problems resulting from the use of halogenated and formaldehyde-containing FRs are discussed. Moreover, the possibility of mechanical and chemical recycling as well as energy recovery of recycled fl ame retarded polymeric materials from post-consumer waste are discussed.

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Thermal aging properties of flame retardant silicone rubber based on melamine cyanurate

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, an efficient preparation method for flame retardant silicon rubbers (FRSR) was established with using melamine cyanurate (MCA) as flame retardants. In order to analyze the thermal aging mechanisms and flame retardancy of FRSR, cone calorimetric test (CCT), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectra were performed. Results indicated that the aging time significantly decreases the tensile strength and the elongation at break. SEM images revealed that the porous surface of the aged FRSR provide diffusion path for heat and oxygen, which resulted in a continuously increase in Shore A hardness due to the increase of cross-linking density during the aging process. FTIR spectra further proved that the MCA is well-embedded into samples and crosslinking reaction between free radicals of silicone rubber (SR) and oxygen was occurring during the aging process. Besides, CCT results showed that all FRSR samples before and after thermal aging exhibit excellent flame retardancy with compact and stable char residue layers, effectively hindering the heat transfer and oxygen diffusion. It was expected that our findings could provide important information to fabricate SR with flame retardancy and outstanding longterm thermal-aging resistance. K E Y W O R D S ageing, degradation, mechanical properties, thermal properties 1 | INTRODUCTION Compared with general organic rubbers, silicone rubber (SR) shows excellent temperature resistance, electrical insulation, high breathability, dielectric properties, and weather resistance due to its Si-O bond on main chain with side groups including methyl, vinyl, and phenyl. 1-5 Over the past decades, SR materials have been widely used in various areas, such as medical and health, aerospace, wire and cable, automotive industry, architecture, and so on. 6-8 However, SR is flammable and can keep burning when exposed to open flames, which limits its application in the field of electronic appliances.

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Investigation of thermal degradation characteristics of polyamide-6 containing melamine or melamine cyanurate via direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry

Cited by 41 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of Meltable Triazine-DOPO Additive on Rheological, Mechanical, and Flammability Properties of PA6

Effect of Meltable Triazine-DOPO Additive on Rheological, Mechanical, and Flammability Properties of PA6

Flame Retardants and Environmental Issues

Thermal aging properties of flame retardant silicone rubber based on melamine cyanurate

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