Involvement of Adipocytokines in Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome

Gandhi, Hardik; Balaraman, R

doi:10.1002/9781118395318.ch18

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 84 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The adipose tissue, which is in fact a dynamic organ, is divided in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) and is associated with metabolic and inflammatory systems, with protective effects on energy homeostasis. WAT secretes peptides and proteins that act by regulating biological and physiological conditions and play an important role in obesity, insulin resistance, inflammatory and immune functions, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease [12–14, 25–30].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular risk and obesity

Cercato

Fonseca

2019

Diabetol Metab Syndr

309

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background This is an overview of the mechanisms of obesity and its relation to cardiovascular risks, describing the available treatment options to manage this condition. Main body The pathogenesis of obesity includes the balance between calories consumed and energy expenditure followed by the maintenance of body weight. Diet, physical activity, environmental, behavioral and physiological factors are part of the complex process of weight loss, since there are several hormones and peptides involved in regulation of appetite, eating behavior and energy expenditure. The cardiovascular complications associated to obesity are also driven by processes involving hormones and peptides and which include inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, coronary calcification, activation of coagulation, renin angiotensin or the sympathetic nervous systems. Pharmacological treatments are often needed to insure weight loss and weight maintenance as adjuncts to diet and physical activity in people with obesity and overweight patients. Conclusion To accomplish satisfactory goals, patients and physicians seek for weight loss, weight maintenance and improvement of the risk factors associated to this condition, especially cardiovascular risk.

show abstract

Section: Cardiovascular Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular risk and obesity

Cercato

Fonseca

2019

Diabetol Metab Syndr

309

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[ 34,36,121,122] Orlistat Adults and children ages 12 and older Gastrointestinal and pancreatic lipase inhibitor; decrease lipid absorption, etc. It is also known as tetrahydrobiopterin, which is an anti-obesity drug that activates pancreatic and gastric selective lipase inhibitors.…”

Section: Liraglutidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is linked to the physiological and metabolic systems and has protective effects on energy balance. WAT secretes peptides and proteins that promote obesity, insulin resistance, inflammatory and immunological processes, atherosclerosis, and CVD [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Cellular Mechanisms Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of obesity and cardiovascular disease and progress in pharmacotherapy: what is next for obesity?

Mallah

Soomro

Noreen

et al. 2023

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity has recently emerged as one of the most severe health concerns. Obesity is a key autonomous risk factor for heart failure and contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic abnormalities. Obesity is caused by a metabolic imbalance, which occurs when calories burnt are fewer than the number of calories consumed. There are several pathways accountable for the adverse impacts of obesity on the cardiovascular system. Inflammatory cell infiltration develops in the adipose tissue, the pancreas, and other issues similar to the progression of obesity. Inflammation is triggered by immune cells that invade dysfunctional adipose tissue. The atherosclerotic inflammation phase, related to obesity, induces coronary calcification. Obesity is linked to elevated levels of leptin and high blood pressure. Leptin causes systemic vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and increased blood pressure by influencing the synthesis of nitric oxide and activating the sympathetic nervous system. Obesity is a well-known risk factor for CVD and is one of the leading causes of the greater risk of diseases, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, depression, metabolic syndrome, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure in adults and children.When used with dietary improvements, antiobesity drugs improve the probability of experiencing clinically healthy (5%) weight loss. This review aimed to address the consequences of obesity on cardiac structure and function, risk factors, the impact of the obesity paradox, pharmacological treatment strategies for managing and recommended exercise and diet.

show abstract

“…Leptin is an anorexigenic hormone produced proportionally from the adipose tissue that regulates the lipid metabolism by crossing the blood-brain barrier via a saturable transport system and communicating the energy status to the hypothalamus, and so down-regulating the appetite stimulators and up-regulating the anorexigenic alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that reduces food intake [3,5,12]. Leptin is an anti-obesity hormone, its concentration in the blood is elevated in people with obesity, however individuals become resistant to its satiety and weight-reducing effect [3,[13][14][15]. Also, leptin is known for its sympathetic nerve system activation, renal hemodynamics, blood vessel tone, and modulation of blood pressure [15].…”

Section: Disease Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cardiovascular Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postoperative effects of bariatric surgery on heart rate recovery and heart rate variability

Park

Seo

Kim

et al. 2022

KMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: This is an overview of the mechanisms of obesity and its relation to cardiovascular risks, describing the available treatment options to manage this condition. Main body:The pathogenesis of obesity includes the balance between calories consumed and energy expenditure followed by the maintenance of body weight. Diet, physical activity, environmental, behavioral and physiological factors are part of the complex process of weight loss, since there are several hormones and peptides involved in regulation of appetite, eating behavior and energy expenditure. The cardiovascular complications associated to obesity are also driven by processes involving hormones and peptides and which include inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, coronary calcification, activation of coagulation, renin angiotensin or the sympathetic nervous systems. Pharmacological treatments are often needed to insure weight loss and weight maintenance as adjuncts to diet and physical activity in people with obesity and overweight patients. Conclusion:To accomplish satisfactory goals, patients and physicians seek for weight loss, weight maintenance and improvement of the risk factors associated to this condition, especially cardiovascular risk.

show abstract

Involvement of Adipocytokines in Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 3 publications

References 84 publications

Cardiovascular risk and obesity

Cardiovascular risk and obesity

Association of obesity and cardiovascular disease and progress in pharmacotherapy: what is next for obesity?

Postoperative effects of bariatric surgery on heart rate recovery and heart rate variability

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About