Iodine balance studies in protein-calorie malnutrition

Ingenbleek, Yves; Malvaux, P

doi:10.1136/adc.49.4.305

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Recommended values for older children were extrapolated from adult data or derived from balance data for a specific age group. For children aged 1-3 years, a four-day balance study on children (1.5-2.5 years) previously malnourished and then nutritionally rehabilitated (Ingenbleek and Malvaux, 1974) was considered. For children aged 4-8 years, a balance study undertaken in children aged eight years (Malvaux et al, 1969) was considered.…”

Section: Infants and Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for iodine

Products¹

2014

EFS2

118

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for iodine, which are provided as Adequate Intake (AI). Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Through these hormones, iodine has an important role in energy-yielding metabolism and many other physiological processes. Iodine deficiency is associated with an increased frequency of goitre and hypothyroidism in a population. The AI for iodine is based on a large epidemiological study in European school-aged children showing that goitre prevalence is lowest for a urinary iodine concentration above around 100 µg/L. From this study, a urinary iodine concentration of ≥ 100 µg/L has been accepted as the threshold indicating sufficient iodine intake of school-aged children. In the absence of similar suitable data for other age groups it is proposed that this threshold also be applied for adults, infants and young children. Taking into account urinary volume and an absorption efficiency for iodine of 92 %, an AI of 150 µg/day is proposed for adults. For infants aged 7-11 months and for children, AIs range between 70 µg/day and 130 µg/day. For pregnant women, an AI of 200 µg/day is proposed, taking into account additional needs due to increased maternal thyroid hormone production and the iodine uptake by the fetus, placenta and amniotic fluid. The proposed AI for lactating women of 200 µg/day takes into account the existence of large iodine stores in conditions of adequate iodine status before pregnancy and considers that a full compensation for the iodine secreted in breast milk is not justified for the derivation of an AI for iodine for lactating women. Iodine is an essential nutrient for mammals, required as a mandatory structural and functional element of thyroid hormones. Through these hormones, iodine has an important role in energy-yielding metabolism and on the expression of genes that impact many physiological functions, including embryogenesis and growth, and the development of neurological and cognitive functions. © EuropeanThe clinical effects of iodine deficiency, referred to as iodine deficiency disorders, are the result of insufficient intakes leading to insufficient thyroid function. Iodine deficiency disorders are seen at all stages of development and are particularly of concern in pregnancy and infancy. Chronic iodine deficiency may lead to compensatory thyroid hypertrophy with an enlargement of the thyroid gland denoted as goitre.Intestinal absorption efficiency of ingested iodine is considered to be high (> 90 %). The thyroid is the major storage site for iodine in the body. Goitrogenous substances in foods, drinking water or cigarette smoke may inhibit the thyroidal uptake of iodide or its incorporation into the tyrosine precursors of thyroid hormones. The synthesis of normal quantities of thyroid hormones requires an adequate dietary intake of iodine. The kidney is the main route of excretion of iodine. In a steady state, th...

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Section: Infants and Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for iodine

Products¹

2014

EFS2

118

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“…An EAR and RDA for iodine were set at 65 and 90 mg/d, respectively, for children 1-8 y of age (1) using data from balance studies (13,14). Because of the lack of sufficient experimental data on older children and adolescents (9-18 y), the EAR was determined by extrapolating from the adult EAR based on metabolic body weight.…”

Section: Ears and Rdas For Children And Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence Needed to Inform the Next Dietary Reference Intakes for Iodine

Trumbo

2013

Advances in Nutrition

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In 2001, Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for iodine were set for the different gender and life-stage groups by the Institute of Medicine. Because of the serious consequences of iodine deficiency for the developing fetus and infant, there is particular interest in further understanding optimal iodine nutrition and improving the monitoring of iodine status, particularly during infancy, pregnancy, and lactation. This review discusses the basis for the current DRIs for iodine and the evidence that may be needed for considering and conducting the reevaluation of one or more of the DRIs.

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“…Senegalese malnourished children aged 18-30 months, nutritionally rehabilitated after 30 days and the RDI (90ug/day) was calculated from the EAR using a coefficient variance of 20% (150). Likewise, the EAR (65ug/day) and RDI (120ug/day) for 8-10 year olds was derived from adult male balance studies and adjusted for weight (150).…”

Section: Iodine Dietary Guidelines May Need Revision As Methods Of Dementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, the EAR (65ug/day) and RDI (120ug/day) for 8-10 year olds was derived from adult male balance studies and adjusted for weight (150). Both recommendations assume firstly, children worldwide exposed to a variety of dietary iodine and environmental exposures metabolise iodine the same way rehabilitated malnourished children do, and secondly, the metabolic processes and iodine requirements of children are the same as adults, just on a smaller scale.…”

Section: Iodine Dietary Guidelines May Need Revision As Methods Of Dementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the UL for dietary iodine intake in this age group, is 300ug/day which converts to an approximate UIC of 270ug/L, below the excessive parameter of 300ug/L set by WHO. The development of the WHO criteria was determined by the observing UIC levels in the absence of thyroid dysfunction in school aged children, whilst dietary guidelines were derived from adult records (150,151). It is proposed by this thesis then, that assessing iodine nutrition using UIC is a better benchmark for determining appropriate intake of iodine over EAR, RDI or UL.…”

Section: To Understand Iodine Status Thyroid Function Should Also Bementioning

confidence: 99%

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Iodine status of Queensland children and the associations with diet and thyroid function

Samidurai¹

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Iodine balance studies in protein-calorie malnutrition

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for iodine

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for iodine

Evidence Needed to Inform the Next Dietary Reference Intakes for Iodine

Iodine status of Queensland children and the associations with diet and thyroid function

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