Iodine in Farm Animals

Schöne, F.; Rajendram, Rajkumar

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374135-6.00016-9

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Since virtually all the livestock can transfer nutrients required for human nutrition from combined fodder to the products, their quality and consumer properties may vary depending on the composition of rations. Through diets enriched with natural supplementary feeds, products with a higher concentration of biologically active substances can be obtained (Schöne et al, 2017, Opaliński 2017, Suray, 2010, Schöne and Rajendram, 2009). In our studies, the concentration of carotenoids in the egg yolk increased by 58%, the iodine content in eggs became 8.6 times as high, and the conception rate of cows after the first insemination reached 80%, which significantly exceeds the performance of similar studies.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

The Use of Non-Conventional Supplementary Feeds in Cattle and Layer Diet

Ignatovich¹,

Ginter²,

Lykov³

et al. 2019

PTQ

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It was undertook a number of studies on the effects of introducing new non-conventional vegetable supplementary feeds in the diets of dairy cows and industrial laying hens. Plants are not cultivated for their production, but they refer to wild crops growing in the natural habitat in sufficient quantities. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of introducing non-conventional vegetable supplementary feeds on the productive qualities of cows and laying hens; quality of products (milk, eggs); nutrient digestibility (use) of laying hens and reproductive functions of cows; and to identify the economic efficiency of using these supplementary feeds by changing feed conversion ratio. The composition of supplementary feeds for cows included sea furbelow, creeping pine needles, lichens. Supplementary feeds consisting of sea furbelow flour and wild crops were introduced into the diet of laying hens: fireweed or rosebay willowherb, stinging nettle, and creeping pine needles. The studies were conducted at the agricultural enterprises. The experiments were performed on Ayrshire and Holstein cows of different lactation periods and the Hisex White laying hens of various age and productive periods. Randomized regimens were used, including 2-5 levels of feeding. The groups of cows were formed by the analog to pair matching method; laying hens were formed by the analog to group matching method and were kept in equal zoohygienic conditions. During group formation, no significant differences in body weight and productivity between the formed groups were revealed (P> 0.05), which indicates the correct selection of groups for the research. As a result, cows improved reproductive functions, increased milk yield, milk fat content and feed conversion; hens showed the intensification of metabolic processes, contributing to an increase in productivity, feed conversion and egg quality (P 0.05), which indicates the effectiveness of using new supplementary feeds.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

The Use of Non-Conventional Supplementary Feeds in Cattle and Layer Diet

Ignatovich¹,

Ginter²,

Lykov³

et al. 2019

PTQ

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“…The ocean is the primary source of iodine, containing between 50 and 60 μg/L ( NRC, 2005 ). In both humans and livestock, iodine deficiency reduces the level of thyroid hormones resulting in hypothyroidism, goiter formation, depression of metabolism, growth, and a high rate of stillbirths ( Schone and Rajendram, 2009 ). These intakes prevent iodine deficiency, facilitate a high performance (e.g., weight gain and low feed:gain ratio), maintain adequate iodine stores (>0.50 mg/g thyroid), and sustain thyroid function ( Schone and Rajendram, 2009 ).…”

Section: Chemical Composition and Bioactive Ingredients Of Seaweedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of seaweed as a potential dietary supplementation for enteric methane mitigation in ruminants: Challenges and opportunities

et al. 2021

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Seaweeds are macroalgae, which can be of many different morphologies, sizes, colors, and chemical profiles. They include brown, red, and green seaweeds. Brown seaweeds have been more investigated and exploited in comparison to other seaweed types for their use in animal feeding studies due to their large sizes and ease of harvesting. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that plant secondary compound-containing seaweeds (e.g., halogenated compounds, phlorotannins, etc.) have the potential to mitigate enteric methane (CH 4 ) emissions from ruminants when added to the diets of beef and dairy cattle. Red seaweeds including Asparagopsis spp. are rich in crude protein and halogenated compounds compared to brown and green seaweeds. When halogenated-containing red seaweeds are used as the active ingredient in ruminant diets, bromoform concentration can be used as an indicator of anti-methanogenic properties. Phlorotannin-containing brown seaweed has also the potential to decrease CH 4 production. However, numerous studies examined the possible anti-methanogenic effects of marine seaweeds with inconsistent results. This work reviews existing data associated with seaweeds and in vitro and in vivo rumen fermentation, animal performance, and enteric CH 4 emissions in ruminants. Increased understanding of the seaweed supplementation related to rumen fermentation and its effect on animal performance and CH 4 emissions in ruminants may lead to novel strategies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions while improving animal productivity.

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“…11 Iodine toxicity is also associated with suppression of both cellular and humoral immunity in cattle, resulting in increased susceptibility to infections such as pneumonia (Hillman D, et al: 1979, Iodine nutrition and toxicity in cattle). 11,12,14 Phagocytosis, antibody response to bacterial agents, and T-and B-cell production can all be decreased in calves given excessive doses of iodine. 4 Clinical signs in calves experimentally fed excessive amount of iodine, at 100 or 200 ppm, include coughing and profuse nasal discharge, as well as decreased weight gain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, histological changes of the thyroid gland characterized by regions of cystic follicular hyperplasia, as well as follicular atrophy and fibrosis, could be associated with chronic iodine excess (and/or possibly past iodine deficiency) even in adult cows. Because feed iodine intake of the cattle affects iodine content of milk and meat destined for human consumption, 14 recognition of thyroid gland lesions in adult cattle should prompt investigation into possibly excessive iodine supplementation or deficiency in a herd. Such diagnostic workup should also include ancillary tests such as serum iodine measurements in the herd animals, as described in the current report.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperplastic goiter in two adult dairy cows

2014

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Iodine excess and resultant hyperplastic goiter are well documented in neonatal ruminants, but little is reported on iodine excess in adult ruminants and associated histological changes of the thyroid gland. Two adult Holstein cows from a Michigan dairy herd that had lost several other animals had nonspecific clinical signs of illness and were submitted for necropsy. Thyroid glands of one of these 2 animals were grossly and markedly enlarged, and histologically, thyroid glands from both animals had regions of cystic nodular hyperplasia and follicular atrophy. Thyroid glands from both animals had markedly elevated iodine concentrations. Investigation into the potential source of excessive iodine on the farm revealed multiple sources of supplemental dietary iodine and probable uneven feed and mineral mixing. Based on the findings of this investigation, adult cattle could be susceptible to excessive doses of iodine. Possibility of previous iodine deficiency before supplementation period, with subsequent development and persistence of thyroid hyperplasia and cystic change, cannot be completely excluded. Current findings suggested that iodine excess in adult cattle can result in nodular hyperplastic goiter. Use of iodized salt in mineral supplements in adult dairy herds is common practice, and accidental excessive iodine supplement may be more common than reported. Recognizing gross and histological thyroid gland changes, consisting of concurrent cystic follicular hyperplasia, atrophy, and fibrosis should raise suspicion of iodine excess and/or prior deficiency in a cattle herd, and ancillary tests such as serum iodine measurements should be part of the diagnostic workup in suspected cases.

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Iodine in Farm Animals

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

The Use of Non-Conventional Supplementary Feeds in Cattle and Layer Diet

The Use of Non-Conventional Supplementary Feeds in Cattle and Layer Diet

The role of seaweed as a potential dietary supplementation for enteric methane mitigation in ruminants: Challenges and opportunities

Hyperplastic goiter in two adult dairy cows

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