For the first time, in the conditions of the Magadan region, have been carried out studies on the use of a feed additive (FA) based on mountain pine in combination with lichens in the rations of young cattle (C) of Holstein breed and cross-bred young of Holstein and Aberdeen Angus breeds of the dairy and growing period. The use of FA positively affects the growth rate, daily average growth, blood counts, young growth resistance and digestibility of feed. The live-weight of the experimental gobies of Holstein breed at the age of 16 months, which additionally received the FA ration, exceeded the rate of the control group up to 2.15 kg (0.58%), the crossbreeds of the Aberdeen-Angus breed exceeded the rate of a control group up to 9.55 kg (2.3%) (P≤0.05). The relative growth rate (according to S. Brody) of gobies at the age of 16 months, which got FA was higher than of gobies of the control groups. The growth rate of experimental gobies of Holstein breed is 0.12% higher, and of crossbred gobies is 2.57% higher respectively. A study of the hematological composition of the blood of experimental half-blood gobies of the Aberdeen-Angus breed showed that relative to the control group, the concentration of eosinophils increases by 0.4%, monocytes 0.8%, lymphocytes by 7.2%, the concentration of band neutrophil decreases by 1%, segmented neutrophils by 7.4%. The young of the experimental groups had better digestibility of dietary nutrients and feed costs per 1 kg of growth in comparison with the control groups.

Проведены исследования по применению кормовой добавки (КД) из нетрадиционных региональных растительных ресурсов: лишайников Cladonia alpestris и Cetraria islandica, морских водорослей (ламинария Laminaria, фукус Fucus) и микроэлементов в рационах кормления коров за 2 мес перед и 2 мес после отела. Использование КД положительно влияло на молочную продуктивность. Наибольшая эффективность ее применения в рационе коров проявлялась в повышении среднесуточного удоя на 1,67 кг (11,4%), жирномолочности — на 0,25 абс.%, содержания белка в молоке — на 0,06 абс.% относительно контроля. Применение КД позволило оптимизировать воспроизводительные функции. У коров опытной группы сервис-период был короче на 24,8%, индекс осеменения меньше в 0,75 раза, чем в контроле. Оплодотворяемость от первого осеменения также была выше у опытных коров (62,5—87,5%). Животные, получавшие дополнительно к основному рациону КД, обладали повышенной воспроизводительной способностью по сравнению с аналогами, не получавшими ее, что позволило успешней использовать первых в процессе воспроизводства стада. Включение в рацион кормовой добавки способствует и повышению экономической эффективности производства. Снижение уровня убыточности в сравнении с применением хозяйственного рациона составило 16,2 п.п. Улучшение всех гематологических показателей сыворотки крови коров показывает, что использование КД оказывает положительное влияние на их организм. На основе результатов исследований разработана кормовая добавка для кормления крупного рогатого скота с использованием нетрадиционных источников кормов в условиях Магаданской области, получен патент на изобретение «Кормовая добавка для крупного рогатого скота с иммуномодулирующим действием». The studies have been carried out on use of feed additive of nontraditional regional  plant resources: lichens, seaweeds, and trace elements in diets for cow feeding for 2 months of dry period and 2 months after calving. Use of the feed additive (FA) influences positively on the milk productivity. The highest efficiency of use of the FA in cattle diet showed in increasing average daily milk yield by 1.67 kg (11.4%), milk fat content by 0.25 absolute percent, milk protein content by 0.06 absolute percent, relative to the control group. Use of the feed additive enables optimizing reproductive function of the cows. The cows in the 2 experimental group had a service period shorter by 24.8%, insemination index lover 0.75 times than those in the control group cows. Fertility from the first insemination was higher in experimental cows (62.5-87.5%). The cows fed the FA in addition to the basic diet have a heightened reproductive abilities as that did not feed it which makes it possible to use the former in the process of the herd reproduction. The inclusion of a feed additive in the diet also contributes to increasing the economic efficiency of production. The decrease in the level of unprofitability in comparison with the use of the ration was 16.2 percentage points. Data of haematological investigations showed that, according to studied  indices, the state of the cows in the experimental groups had improved in comparison wilh ones in the control group. On the basis of results of the studies, a feed additive for cattle feeding has been developed using the nontraditional feed resources in conditions of Magadan region and a patent has been taken out for an invention entitled «Feed additive for cattle possessed an immunomodulating effect».

It was undertook a number of studies on the effects of introducing new non-conventional vegetable supplementary feeds in the diets of dairy cows and industrial laying hens. Plants are not cultivated for their production, but they refer to wild crops growing in the natural habitat in sufficient quantities. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of introducing non-conventional vegetable supplementary feeds on the productive qualities of cows and laying hens; quality of products (milk, eggs); nutrient digestibility (use) of laying hens and reproductive functions of cows; and to identify the economic efficiency of using these supplementary feeds by changing feed conversion ratio. The composition of supplementary feeds for cows included sea furbelow, creeping pine needles, lichens. Supplementary feeds consisting of sea furbelow flour and wild crops were introduced into the diet of laying hens: fireweed or rosebay willowherb, stinging nettle, and creeping pine needles. The studies were conducted at the agricultural enterprises. The experiments were performed on Ayrshire and Holstein cows of different lactation periods and the Hisex White laying hens of various age and productive periods. Randomized regimens were used, including 2-5 levels of feeding. The groups of cows were formed by the analog to pair matching method; laying hens were formed by the analog to group matching method and were kept in equal zoohygienic conditions. During group formation, no significant differences in body weight and productivity between the formed groups were revealed (P> 0.05), which indicates the correct selection of groups for the research. As a result, cows improved reproductive functions, increased milk yield, milk fat content and feed conversion; hens showed the intensification of metabolic processes, contributing to an increase in productivity, feed conversion and egg quality (P 0.05), which indicates the effectiveness of using new supplementary feeds.

No abstract

No abstract