Ion Separation in Bursting Air Bubbles : an Explanation for the Irregular Ion Ratios in Atmospheric Precipitations

In the processes of chromium electroplating, bursting bubbles are the major sources of chromium droplets that may lead to nasal septum disorders among workers. The gas bubbles form as a result of electrochemical reactions on the surfaces of pieces being plated, rise through the liquid, and then burst into droplets at liquid surfaces. The dimensions of the pieces being plated differ from piece to piece, and therefore the rise distance of the bubbles varies. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of rise distance on the characteristics of droplets generated from bubbles bursting on the surface of chromic acid solutions by an experimental bubbling system. Two rise distances, 15 and 30 cm, were tested. An aerodynamic particle sizer was used to determine the droplet size distribution over the range of 0.8-30 microm. A Marple personal impactor was employed to collect droplet samples on polyvinyl chloride filters for Cr(VI) analysis. It was found that the Cr(VI) concentrations in droplets increased when the bubble rise distance increased. The result suggests that soluble ions such as Cr(VI) are scavenged by rising bubbles.

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“…Previous studies (10,11,(18)(19)(20)(21) showed a fractionation effect of ions in droplets generated from bursting bubbles.…”

Section: Cr(vi) Concentration In Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Rise Distance on Droplets Generated from Bubble Bursting on the Surface of Chromic Acid Solutions

Kuo

Wang²

2002

AIHA Journal

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“…Bloch et al (1966) postulated that ion separation in sea foam occurs through a mechanism that involves bubble breakage and surface-film effects resulting in enrichment of heavier and larger ions in salt spray. Magnesium appears to be approaching its base level more rapidly than sodium, as demonstrated by an increasing ratio.…”

Section: Salt Influxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a generally accepted theory that salts become airborne through the bursting of bubbles in breaking waves (Woodcock 1953, Boyce 1954, Edwards and Claxton 1964, Bloch et al 1966, Zuloaga 1966. It is a generally accepted theory that salts become airborne through the bursting of bubbles in breaking waves (Woodcock 1953, Boyce 1954, Edwards and Claxton 1964, Bloch et al 1966, Zuloaga 1966.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Spray and Mineral Cycling in Two California Coastal Ecosystems

Clayton

1972

Ecology

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Windblown salt aerosols are a significant input to the mineral cycle along coastal areas. Cationic ratios of aerosol salts differ markedly from the same ratios in sea water. Res~ting salt inputs to inland ecosystems reflect initial ion separation during sea-water bubble burstmg and subsequent fallout of particulate salts until a base-level aerosol concentration is achi~ved. :~?puts of aerosols to Baccharis brushland ecosystems are concentrated in plants and ~Oil. Cations are trappe~ on leaf surfaces where they are available for foliar absorption an~ m some ~ases, transloca.tion. Tracer studies with 22Na indicated that the greatest accumu-latiOn of ret~med 22Na was m the roots of Baccharis plants. Of the total applied dose of 22Na, 12% was either exuded or leached from roots of hydroponically grown Baccharis over a 25-day period. This phenomenon may .be considered a potential pathway for inputs of large amounts of Na to soil near shorelines. The surface ionic content of soils reflects nutrient release from. litter _fall. At 1-to 2-m dep~s ionic losses from leaching occur in approximately the same ratios as mputs of salt spray. This suggests a steady state with regard to cycling of Na ~~~~'

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“…The different ratios of the potassium and calcium ions in sea-water and rainwater may be explained by the theories of aerosol formation (Bloch et al 1966) or, in the case of potassium, by the additional presence of dust particles, since the local bedrock (Lower Palaeozoic mudstone and shale) is rich in potassium. The ratio of cations in the throughfall was 1: 0 09: :0 12: 024 to windward and 1: 0 17: 020: 038 to leeward.…”

Section: Salt Content Of Rainfall and Throughfallmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Inland, where the smaller droplets predominate, there is a much higher proportion of potassium (Wilson 1959); Bloch et al (1966) have suggested hypotheses to account for this. Woodcock (1950) demonstrated that long, narrow surfaces accumulated more salt per unit area than did broad plates and that more salt accumulated on the edge of a plate than at its centre.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Deposition of Air-Borne Salt on Pinus radiata and the Underlying Soil

Potts¹

1978

The Journal of Applied Ecology

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Ion Separation in Bursting Air Bubbles : an Explanation for the Irregular Ion Ratios in Atmospheric Precipitations

Cited by 47 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Rise Distance on Droplets Generated from Bubble Bursting on the Surface of Chromic Acid Solutions

Effect of Rise Distance on Droplets Generated from Bubble Bursting on the Surface of Chromic Acid Solutions

Salt Spray and Mineral Cycling in Two California Coastal Ecosystems

Deposition of Air-Borne Salt on Pinus radiata and the Underlying Soil

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