Ionic Crosslinking of Cotton

Abstract

Cellulose crosslinking is a very important textile chemical process, and is the basis for a vast array of durable press and crease-resistant finished textile products. Formaldehydecontaining N-methylol crosslinkers give fabrics desirable properties of mechanical stability (e.g., crease resistance, anti-curl, shrinkage resistance, durable-press), but also impart a loss of strength and the potential to release formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen. Other systems, such as polycarboxylic acids, have been tested with varying degrees of success. We have developed methods of forming ionic crosslinks that provide outstanding performance in crease angle recovery while completely retaining the strength of treated goods, without the potential to release any reactive materials of low molecular weight, such as formaldehyde. Our work is based on the reactions of cellulose with materials that impart an ionic character to the cellulose; e.g., chloroacetic acid for negative charges or 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride for positive charges. These reactions produce ionic celluloses that can then absorb a polyionic material of opposite charge to form crosslinks. Cellulose treated with cationized chitosan after carboxymethylation showed significant increases in crease recovery angles without a loss of strength.

Hierarchical and non-hierarchical mineralisation of collagen

“…As TPP forms ionic cross-links (ionic bridges) between chitosan molecules via interacting with their amine groups [49], similar ionic bridges may be formed when TPP interacts with collagen molecules. Although ionic cross-linking not as stable as covalent cross-linking, this cross-linking procedure is an important textile treatment process that increases the crease resistance of fabrics [50]. There are five negatively charged ionisable groups in TPP with different pKa values (pKa1=1, pKa2=2, pKa3=2.79, pKa4=6.47, pKa5=9.24) [51].…”

New development for combined bioscouring and bleaching of cotton-based fabrics

“…Carboxyl content was determined according to reported method (Hashem & Smith, 2003;Hauser, Smith, & Hashem, 2004).…”

Salt-free reactive dyeing of cotton hosiery fabrics by exhaust application of cationic agent

“…Several researchers have investigated the effect of cationization on the colour strength, dyeing and fastness properties of cotton fabric dyed with reactive dyes using various cationic agents and these cationic agents can be grouped into a polymer, non-polymer based agents and commercial agents such as polyamide-epichlorohydrin type of polymers, dendritic polymers, biopolymers like chitosan, starch & their derivatives, keratin hydrolysate and chicken feather, poly-(4-vinylpyridine) quaternary ammonium compounds, glycidyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (Glytac), epichlorohydrin based quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorotriazine type quaternary compounds, choline chloride, Nmethylolacrylamide, N,N'-dimethylazetidinium chloride, 2,4-dichloro-6-(2-pyridino-ethylamino)-s-triazine (Ali, Saleem, Umbreen, & Hussain, 2009;Arivithamani, Agnes Mary, Senthil Kumar, & Giri Dev, 2014;Chattopadhyay, 2001;Kim and Choi, 2014;Kitkulnumchai, Ajavakom, & Sukwattanasinitt, 2008;Pal, Mal, & Singh, 2005;Shin and Yoo, 1997;Tutak, 2011;Wang and Liu, 2014). Among all the agents 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) has been most preferred cationic agent in a last decade for cationization of cotton (Fu, Hinks, Hauser, & Ankeny, 2013;Hashem, Hauser, & Smith, 2003;Hauser and Tabba, 2001;Hauser, Smith, & Hashem, 2004;Tarbuk, Grancaric, & Leskovac, 2014).…”