Iron oxide reduction by graphite and torrefied biomass analyzed by TG-FTIR for mitigating CO2 emissions

Ubando, Aristotle T.; Chen, Wei‐Hsin; Ong, Hwai Chyuan

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.149

Cited by 60 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The results of the work suggested the utilization of C as a reducing agent for the direct reduction of the iron oxides because the main gaseous by‐product was CO 2 instead of CO. The TGA/DTG results were verified by the absorbed gases from the FTIR and were confirmed using the reduction degree …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Lastly, the wustite (FeO) is converted to metallic iron (Fe). However, a recent study on the iron oxide reduction, which utilized torrefied forest residue biomass as a fuel, suggested the following mechanisms of reduction

6 {Fe}_{2} O_{3} + normalC \to 4 {Fe}_{3} O_{4} + {CO}_{2},

2 {Fe}_{3} O_{4} + normalC \to 6 FeO + {CO}_{2},

2 FeO + normalC \to 2 Fe + {CO}_{2} .

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process of reduction for the iron oxides was described in terms of the three chemical reactions reported by Kawanari et al 47 : the direct-reduction shown in Equations (15) to (17), the indirect-reduction shown in Equations (18) to (20), and the gasification of coke shown in Equation (21). FeO + CO !…”

Section: The 4:1 Ratio Of Hematite and Graphitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as a raw material in CLC, the unique devolatilization characteristics of such material can lower the reducing temperature due to its composition such as the hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin . In a recent study by Ubando et al, torrefied lignocellulosic biomass was utilized as a source of carbon for the transformation of iron oxides which triggered the reduction as low as 300°C due to the devolatilization of the biomass. Later on, the study was expanded to explore the use of torrefied microalgae biomass as a reducing agent in the iron oxide reduction for the enhancement of CLC .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Out of the 12 studies shown in Table , eight studies used a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) to characterize the reduction behavior of hematite and graphite . Out of these eight studies which utilized TGA, only the study of Ubando et al employed the simultaneous Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer together with the TGA which utilized 20°C/min heating rate for the non‐isothermal iron oxide reduction. Meanwhile, the study of Jung and Yi employed a simultaneous quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) along with TGA with a heating rate of 100°C/min for the non‐isothermal iron oxide reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction by graphite for CO₂mitigation in chemical‐looping combustion

et al. 2020

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Summary Chemical‐looping combustion (CLC) provides a platform to generate energy streams while mitigating CO2 using iron oxide as a carrier of oxygen. Through the reduction process, iron oxide experiences phase transformation to ultimately produce metallic iron. To understand iron oxide reduction characteristics and optimally design the fuel reactor, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses were proposed, utilizing graphite. This study aims to evaluate the reduction behavior under the non‐isothermal process of various mixture ratios of hematite and graphite via thermogravimetric analysis with simultaneously evaluating evolved gases using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The Coats‐Redfern model was employed to approximate the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters which assessed the different reaction mechanisms together with the distributed activation energy model (DAEM). The results revealed that the hematite‐to‐graphite ratio of 4:1 had the highest reduction degree and had three distinct peaks representing three iron oxide reduction phases. The zero‐order reaction mechanism agreed with the experimental results compared with other reaction models. The thermodynamic analysis showed an overall endothermic spontaneous reaction for the three phases which signified the direct reduction of the iron oxides. The DAEM result validated a stepwise reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron. The study aids the optimal design of the CLC fuel reactor for enhanced system performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

6 {Fe}_{2} O_{3} + normalC \to 4 {Fe}_{3} O_{4} + {CO}_{2},

2 {Fe}_{3} O_{4} + normalC \to 6 FeO + {CO}_{2},

2 FeO + normalC \to 2 Fe + {CO}_{2} .

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The 4:1 Ratio Of Hematite and Graphitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction by graphite for CO₂mitigation in chemical‐looping combustion

et al. 2020

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Study on pyrolysis behavior of agricultural and forestry wastes using thermogravimetric‐Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG‐FTIR)

Liu,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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To investigate the effective utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes for mitigating the shortage of primary energy and environmental pollution, the pyrolysis behavior of corn straw (CS), wheat straw (WS), and poplar sawdust (PS) was studied using thermogravimetric–Fourier transform infrared (TG‐FTIR) analysis. The activation energies and pyrolysis mechanism functions of different biomass types were calculated. The results showed that the functional group structures of the gaseous products generated from the pyrolysis of different biomass types were similar, mainly including OH, aliphatic CH, CO, aromatic ring skeleton, aromatic CH, and CO groups. These functional group structures mainly existed in oxygen‐containing compounds such as phenols, ketones, aldehydes, acids, esters, alcohols, and ethers. The pyrolysis process of agricultural and forestry wastes exhibited certain differences, with the PS undergoing thermal decomposition more easily, while the thermal decomposition mechanism functions of the two agricultural wastes (CS and WS) were similar. PS had a later initial release time for volatile matter, and the oxygen compounds produced by its pyrolysis were the highest, followed by WS and CS.

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Optimal integration of a biomass‐based polygeneration system in an iron production plant for negative carbon emissions

et al. 2019

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Iron oxide reduction by graphite and torrefied biomass analyzed by TG-FTIR for mitigating CO2 emissions

Cited by 60 publications

References 46 publications

Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction by graphite for CO₂mitigation in chemical‐looping combustion

Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction by graphite for CO₂mitigation in chemical‐looping combustion

Study on pyrolysis behavior of agricultural and forestry wastes using thermogravimetric‐Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG‐FTIR)

Optimal integration of a biomass‐based polygeneration system in an iron production plant for negative carbon emissions

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Iron oxide reduction by graphite and torrefied biomass analyzed by TG-FTIR for mitigating CO2 emissions

Cited by 60 publications

References 46 publications

Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction by graphite for CO2mitigation in chemical‐looping combustion

Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction by graphite for CO2mitigation in chemical‐looping combustion

Study on pyrolysis behavior of agricultural and forestry wastes using thermogravimetric‐Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG‐FTIR)

Optimal integration of a biomass‐based polygeneration system in an iron production plant for negative carbon emissions

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Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction by graphite for CO₂mitigation in chemical‐looping combustion

Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction by graphite for CO₂mitigation in chemical‐looping combustion