Irradiation effect on in vitro organogenesis, callus growth and plantlet development of Gerbera jamesonii

Abstract

The present work was carried out to study the effects of gamma irradiation on in vitro growth of explants, callus and the formation of shoots and plantlets. Irradiation is known to exhibit or inhibit the differentiation of cells and growth of plants in vitro, which helps in producing new plant varieties. Gamma irradiation is one of the physical mutagens that are widely used for mutation breeding. A gradual decline was observed in the number of shoots regenerated from irradiated petiole explants compared to control. Numbers of shoots regenerated from irradiated petiole explant cultured on Murashige & Skoog medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA was reduced to 6.6±0.9 from 7.5±0.4 (control) when explants were exposed to 20 Gray of irradiation dose. Similar observation was reported on effects of gamma irradiation on in vitro propagated plantlets. Gradual decline was observed based on plant height as the dose of gamma irradiation increased. A significant decline was observed in the fresh weight of irradiated callus compared to control. In this case, growth responses of callus were strongly influenced by the radiation dose. The fresh weight of callus was reduced to 76.4±2.2% compared to 89.7±0.5% of control when callus tissues were exposed to 20 Gy.

Morphological and Phenotypic Effects of Fast Neutron Irradiation (FNI) on Lagos Spinach (<i>Celosia argentea</i> L.)

“…Contrast to these findings of Domingo et al [17] reported reduction in height of M 2 Oryza sativa cv Bahia (japonica) mutagenised with FN. Also, Hasbullah et al [21] suggested that irradiation may prohibit the auxin activities and change the morphogenetic responses in plant.…”

Pengaruh Iradiasi Sinar Gama terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Regenerasi Kalus Padi Varietas Ciherang dan Inpari 13

“…Kondisi ini dapat diketahui dari pertambahan bobot kalus pada setiap minggu tidak begitu terlihat perubahannya (Gambar 1A). Pertambahan bobot basah kalus yang sangat kecil akibat dari perlakuan iradiasi pada dosis yang relatif tinggi juga terjadi pada kalus tanaman Gerbera jamesonii (Hasbullah, 2012).…”

“…Kandungan air pada kalus cukup tinggi sehingga kemampuan iradiasi sinar gama dalam menghambat dan mematikan kalus berhubungan dengan kandungan air dalam kalus yang tinggi. Selain itu, iradiasi sinar gama juga dapat menurunkan biosintesis hormon endogen pada kalus yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan kalus (Hasbullah, 2012).…”

“…Sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Edi (2004), perlakuan iradiasi sinar gama pada kalus padi menurunkan daya regenerasi kalus dalam membentuk tunas. Hal yang sama juga terjadi pada tanaman Triticum aestivum L. (Chauduri, 2002) dan Gerbera jamesonii (Hasbullah, 2012).…”

Pengaruh Mutasi Fisik Iradiasi Sinar Gamma terhadap Keragaman Genetik dan Penampilan Coleus blumei

“…Berbagai penelitian telah menghasilkan perubahan kualitatif pada tanaman hasil iradiasi diantaranya dilaporkan oleh Hasbullah et al (2012) bahwa iradiasi sinar gamma mempengaruhi perubahan warna kalus pada tanaman hias Gerbera jamesonii dari putih menjadi coklat tua dan perubahan warna daun dari hijau tua menjadi hijau muda. Singh dan Anjana (2015) menghasilkan mutan gladiol warna kuning muda pada generasi MV3.…”