Is blood pressure inversely related to birth weight? The strength of evidence from a systematic review of the literature

Law, Catherine; Shiell, A. W.

doi:10.1097/00004872-199608000-00002

Cited by 610 publications

(427 citation statements)

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“…Low birth weight has been related to high blood pressure later in life (Law & Shiell, 1996) and increased risk of coronary heart disease, which also was related to low weight at 12 months of age (Barker et al, 1989). In addition these and various other diseases in later life, eg infections and non-insulin dependent diabetes, have been related to size at birth, and some of them also to fast catch-up growth in infancy (Barker, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Icelandic infants have a high birth weight (Gunnlaugsson & Geirsson, 1992;Thorsdottir & Birgisdottir, 1998). Birth weight is related to health later in life, and low birth weight especially has been found to increase the risk of disease in adult life, eg high blood pressure and coronary heart disease (Barker et al, 1989;Law & Shiell, 1996). There is limited knowledge about the relation between energy intake and growth as well as the effects of breast-feeding in a population with a high frequency and long duration of breast-feeding and high birth weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy intake and growth of infants in Iceland—a population with high frequency of breast-feeding and high birth weight

Atladóttir

Þórsdóttir

2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To investigate infants' energy intake and growth in a population with a high frequency of breastfeeding and high birth weight. Design: The infants' consumption was recorded once a month from 1 to 12 months of age. At the ages of 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months all ingested food was weighed accurately to calculate nutrient intake. A control group participated at the age of 9 months. Setting: Participants, who were born healthy, were recruited from four different maternity wards. Growth data were collected from healthcare centres and consumption data with parents' assistance from the infants' homes. Subjects: Infants (n 250) were randomly selected and divided into a research group (n 180) and a control group (n 70). The research group participants numbered 138 (77%) and the control participants 57 (81%). Results: Energy intake was lower than current recommendations but was similar to that found in recent studies. Growth, as a percentage of birth weight, correlated negatively with birth weight, with r 0.77 (P`0.001) for growth to 12 months. Infants breast-fed at 7 months of age gained less weight from 6 to 9 months, 1057 + 58 g, than those not breast-fed, 1498 + 130 g (P`0.001). Analysis of the control group's intake showed that participation in the study did not affect intake. Conclusion: The ®ndings support the need for new recommendations on energy intake and new growth charts based on current knowledge about breast-fed infants. Birth weight is a determining factor of growth in infancy, and percentage weight gain during the ®rst year of life increases as birth weight decreases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy intake and growth of infants in Iceland—a population with high frequency of breast-feeding and high birth weight

Atladóttir

Þórsdóttir

2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…22 It is possible that impaired fetal nutrition may have an inverse relation with CVD which may occur relatively early in life. 42,43 Adverse intrauterine influences such as poor maternal nutrition lead to impaired fetal growth, resulting in low birth weight, short birth length and small head circumference. 43 It is possible that poor nutrition in the fetus may be associated with molecular and physiological adaptations to facilitate survival.…”

Section: Burden Of Cardiovascular Disease In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…42,43 Adverse intrauterine influences such as poor maternal nutrition lead to impaired fetal growth, resulting in low birth weight, short birth length and small head circumference. 43 It is possible that poor nutrition in the fetus may be associated with molecular and physiological adaptations to facilitate survival. These adaptations may lead to disordered responses to environmental challenges as the child grows, due to interaction of genes and environment.…”

Section: Burden Of Cardiovascular Disease In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension and stroke in Asia: prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention

et al. 2000

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Reliable statistics related to the prevalence, incidence and mortality of hypertension and stroke are not available from Asia. The data may be in national or institutional reports or journals published in the local language only. The mortality rate for stroke has been on the decline since the mid 1960s in the developed countries of Asia, such as Australia, New Zealand, and Japan, with some improvement in Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong, some areas of China and Malaysia about 15 years later. In India, China, Phillippines, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Iran, Pakistan, Nepal, there has been a rapid increase in stroke mortality and prevalence of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension according to new criteria (Ͼ140/90 mm Hg) varies between 15-35% in urban adult populations of Asia. In rural populations, the prevalence is two to three times lower than in urban subjects.

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“…A growing body of evidence suggests that risk of hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease is programmed by prenatal and early postnatal experiences (Kaplan & Salonen, 1990;Barker et al, 1989b;Law & Shiell, 1996;Whincup et al, 1989). Poor maternal nutrition by restraining foetal growth appears to be part of the mechanism (Whincup et al, 1989;Barker et al, 1989a), although the extent to which the link is causal is still debated (Joseph & Kramer, 1996;Elford et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early linear growth retardation and later blood pressure

Gaskin

Walker

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To examine the effects of stunting in early childhood on blood pressure in later childhood. Design: A cohort study. Setting: Kingston, Jamaica. Subjects: Seven to eight year old children, 120 stunted (height for age`À2 s.d. of the NCHS references) and 224 non-stunted (height for age b À1 s.d. of the NCHS references) at age 9 ± 24 months. Methods: Stunted and non-stunted children were identi®ed at age 9 ± 24 months by house to-house survey of poor neighbourhoods in Kingston, Jamaica. Blood pressure and anthropometry were measured at age 7 ± 8 y. Birth weight was obtained from hospital records (73%) or maternal recall. Results: The stunted children remained shorter and thinner than the non-stunted ones. In multiple regression analysis adjusting for size and pulse rate, the stunted children had higher systolic blood pressure (P`0.05). Birth weight was not a signi®cant predictor of systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Stunting in early childhood may increase the risk of elevated systolic blood pressure in later life.

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Is blood pressure inversely related to birth weight? The strength of evidence from a systematic review of the literature

Cited by 610 publications

References 0 publications

Energy intake and growth of infants in Iceland—a population with high frequency of breast-feeding and high birth weight

Energy intake and growth of infants in Iceland—a population with high frequency of breast-feeding and high birth weight

Hypertension and stroke in Asia: prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention

Early linear growth retardation and later blood pressure

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